Welcome To Morphology And Syntax Jan 2011. :)
The blog consists of 4 main sections-
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Comment Box-Give comments(as for forums or discussions) regarding to the weekly topic.
Chatbox-This can be used for general, informal, discussions, greetings or just to keep in touch with friends.
Download Box-This provides links for quick access to download course notes.
Blends: 1. Fantabulous [blend of "fantastic" & "tabulous"] 2. Juneteenth [blend of "June" & "nineteenth"] 3. Airbill [blend of "air" & "waybill" ] 4. Manglish [blend of "Malaysia" & "English"] 5. Singlish [blend of "Singapore" & "English"]
Compounds: 1. Guest House [A private house offering accommodations to paying guests] 2. Aftershaves [An astringent, typically scented lotion for applying to the skin after shaving] 3. Ballroom [a large room, as in a hotel or resort, with a polished floor for dancing]
Affixes: 1. Prefix= unhappy(sad)-adj 2. Suffix= happiness(pleasure, joy/the quality or state of being happy.)-noun
Acronyms: 1. SARS–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2. DVD-Digital Video Disk ); Digital Versatile Disk ) 3. UTAR-University Tun Abdul Rahman
Can you guess what the following blends are? 1.lithe+slimy= 2.jeans+leggings= 3.booty+delicious= 4.crocodile+alligator= 5.flimsy+miserable= 6.breakfast+lunch= 7.fashion+fiesta= 8.chuckle+snort=
Abbreviations or clippings or short forms are often used in language.eg.telly for telivision,maths for mathematics,etc Can you think of other abbreviations?
BORROW Borrowed also know as loanword.Loanword are words adapted by the speakers of one language from a different language. • Genic ( Arabic)– from ‘Jinn’.Spirits that inhabit the world. • Chile (Araucania) – the end of the land. • Skirt (Norse) – shirt BLENDS Blend word or portmanteau is one derived by combining portions of two or more separate words. • Bit – binary + digit • Chilla – chilling + relaxing • Goodbye – God + be(with) + ye COMPOUND A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word. • News – stand,paper • Lady – bug,finger • Bed – rock,time CREATE • Hard disk • Floppy disk • Freeware AFFIXES Affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before,after,or within a root or stem.Prefix is an element placed at the beginning of a word and suffix is an element placed at the end of a word. • Prefix – a- (not) = amoral,apolitical poly- (many,several) = polygom,polygamy,polytechnic,polytheism • Suffix - -ics (things having to do with) = optics,physics -sis (act,state,condition of) = analysis ACRONYMS Acronym is a word formed from the initial letter or letters of each at the successive parts or major parts at the compound term. • ABG – Arterial Blood Gase • NCI – National Cancer Institute • OSL – Open Source Lab • GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
SPANISH = alligator, barricade FRENCH = ballet, entrepreneur JAPANESE = karaoke, rickshaw ITALIAN = influenza, umbrella MALAY = gong, rambutan INDIAN = mango, poppadom CANTONESE = dim sum, lychee DUTCH = cookie, lottery EGYPTIAN = ebony, ivory GERMAN = kindergarten, heroin GREEK = barbarian, gypsy LATIN = calendar, orbit
Eponyms – An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, after a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, other item is named or thought to be named. 1.Sandwich – named after John Mantagu, the Fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718 – 1792), a British politician. 2.Saxophone – named after Sax, the surname of a 19th-century instrument-making family in Belgium.
• Lithe + slimy = slithy/slythy • Jeans + leggings = jeggings • Breakfast + lunch = brunch • Chuckle + snort = chortle Other is still in process,mdm..
1)As we all know,borrow means words have been borrowed frm other languages.Examples are: a.Cummerbund(Hindi)-it is a wide sash worn as a waistband, and adapted for wear with men's formal dress in India. b.Assassin(Arabic)-comes from the meaning of a word "hashish addict".Assassin is a type of killer or a murderer who murders a person in a sudden attack. c.Pasta(Italian)-dough,pastry
2)Blends/Compounds-It means mixing 2 or more other words into one sentence.In an example: a)Telegenic-(television+photogenic) b)Camcoder-(Camera+recorder) c)Emoticon-(Emote+icon) d)Chexting-(Cheating+texting)
3)Create:-Chocolate,Bicycle,House,Car,Fire 4)Affixes:Means a word element a.Prefixes-REproduction,MISunderstanding,UNcountable b.Suffixes-GoodNESS,sleveLESS,foolISH
5)Acronyms-A word formed from the first letter of other words a.LOL-Laugh out loud b.KLCC-Kuala Lumpur World Trade Centre c.CNY-Chinese New Year d.KBS-Korea Broadcasting System
1) Borrow • Borrowing is the taking over of words from other languages • English has adopted a vast number of words from other languages ,examples :
I. Amok (Malay) II. Croissant ( French) III. Dope (Dutch) IV. Lilac (Persian) V. Piano (Italian) VI. Pretzel (German) VII. Sofa (Arabic) VIII. Tattoo (Tahitian) IX. Tycoon (Japanese) X. Yogurt (Turkish) XI. Zebra (Bantu”)
2) Blend
• Blending is the combination of two separated form to produce a single new word.
• Blending is a process of taking only the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other words.
• Examples of blending =
-knapsack (knap + sack)
-lipstick (lip + stick)
-mouthwash (mouth + wash)
-sunlight (sun + light)
-raindrop (rain + drop)
-sandpaper (sand + paper)
-groundhog (ground + hog)
-afternoon (after + noon)
-motorcar (motor + car)
-eyebrow (eye + brow)
-spork ( spoon + fork)
~ flare(flame+glare)
~ flirtationship(flirting+relationship)
~ glimmer(gleam+shimmer)
~ Globish(global+English)
~ guitarthritis(guitar+arthritis)
~ moped(motor+pedal)
~ motorcade(motor+cavalcade)
3) Affixes
• An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. • Affixation is, the linguistic process speakers use to form different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the end (suffixation) of words.
Example of prefix :
a. –able= work-able , reli-able b. –er=teach-er, work-er c. –ing=shoot-ing, danc-ing d. Al= refusal , proposal e. –ly=quiet-ly , slow-ly , careful-ly f. Less= penni-less , brain-less g. Ise=hospital-ise , crystal-ise h. –meat= treat-ment , amaze-ment
Example of suffix :
a. Anti = Antiabortion , anti-population b. De= de-activated , de-mystify c. Dis= dis-continue , dis-obey d. Ex= ex-president , ex-wife , ex-friend e. In= in-competent , in-complete f. Mis= mis-count , mis-placed g. Un=un-happy , un-fair , un-intelligent h. Re= re-think , re-do , re-state.
4) Acronyms
• A word that is formed by combining some parts (usually the first letters) of some other terms For example, modem is the acronym derived from modulator/demodulator. • In everyday speech, the term is also used to refer a longer phrase.
Examples of acronyms ASAP As Soon As Possible BTW By The Way FWIW For What It's Worth FYI For Your Information IMHO In My Humble Opinion IMO In My Opinion LOL Laughing Out Loud ROTFL Rolling On The Floor Laughing TIA Thanks In Advance
An eponym is a word derived from the name of a real, fictional, mythical or spurious character or person.
An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named. One who is referred to as eponymous is someone who gives his or her name to something, e.g., Julian, the eponymous owner of the famous restaurant Julian's Castle. It is a common error to think that something eponymous is named after a particular person, e.g., Julian's eponymous restaurant.
Here is a list of eponyms: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I–J - K - L–Z
Based on my understanding "compound" is joining of two separated words to produce a single.example: (NOUN) 1)sun+burn= sunburn 2)wall+paper+wallpaper 3)waste+basket=wastebasket
example for (ADJECTIVE): 1)Good-looking 2)low-paid
example of (COMPOUNDS OF ADJECTIVE) :
FAST (adjective)+ FOOD (noun)= FAST-FOOD
Next, Blends is combination of two separated words to produce a new word. Blending is typically accomplished by taking ONLY the beginning of the word n joining it to the one of the other word.one of the good Example tht ms.saradha gave in the class
1) when we are for lunch and late for breakfast, we combine both for BRUNCH.. 2)MOTEL (motor+ hotel) 3)SMURK(smoke+ murk)...
An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually,it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase..For an example:
Language increases it vocabulary by borrowing means words that are "adopted" from another language for example the word Dobi meaning laundry that comes from Indian language is used in English. Examples : pajamas, curry, tsunami
Affixes are words that are attached to a root word. prefixes are at the beginning and suffix at the end
Blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. Meaning 2 words or more words put together to form one word. for example, smash (smack + mash), sportscast (sports + broadcast)
Create means to create new words for example facebook, internet, webpage, homepage, mouse. All these words are being created that have new meaning. For example WEB + PAGE to different words combine to create a different meaning.
cont'ed... Affixes are words that are attached at the beginning and the end of a root word. prefixes are at the beginning and suffix is at the end. example of words: prefixes- (A)+sleep = asleep suffix - Sleep+(ing) = sleeping
affixes A + wake + ing = Awakening
acronyms are initial components example Kuala Lumpur = KL EPF = Employees Provident Fund
from Chinese - catsup= ketchup from persian - shawl - bazaar from french - cafe -essence -brunette
from latin - butera= butter -piper= pepper - pund= pound
from sanskrit -avatar
*coumpound words* Two or more words linked to create a new one: boyfriend long-winded motorbike meeting room The two words can be merged, separated by a space, or hyphenated.
Kodak is a name created by Eastman for his product and company.he wanted a name that should be short, one cannot mispronounce it, and it could not resemble anything or be associated with. So he choose Kodak. Its created.
4)Affixes(an affix is a morpheme added to a word to change its function or meaning) prefix-occurs in the front of a root or stem. suffix-occurs at the end of a root or stem.
5)Acronyms a.AADT-Average Annual Weekday Traffic b.BRB-be right back c.EMS-Environmental Management System d.ASAP-as soon as possible e.ICJ-International Court of Justice f.APEC-Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
How does a language increase its vocabulary? Borrow Borrowed words means that certain words will be taken from another part of language. For instance, in English language they borrow words from Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Spanish and so on. Examples of words that borrowed from other languages are as follows: French: ambulance, diplomat, parachute, sauce Malay: amok, bamboo, gong, orang-utan Sanskrit: Orange, avatar, karma, yoga Hindi: jungle, shampoo, bangle, bungalow Arabic: sultan, bazaar, giraffe Persian: check, checkmate, chess Japanese: sushi, tsunami, samurai, karaoke Spanish: tornado, guitar
Blends Blends deal with the action of abridging and then combining various lexemes to form a new word. Based on Algeo, a linguist he has divided blends into three group which known as: 1. Phonemic Overlap: a syllable or part of a syllable is shared between two words 2. Clipping: the shortening of two words and then compounding them 3. Phonemic Overlap and Clipping: shortening of two words to a shared syllable and then compounding. Here are few samples of blends…. Motor + hotel= motel Wiki + dictionary= wiktionary Smoke + fog= smog Spoon + fork= spork Simultaneous + broadcast= simulcast Abort + mortuary= abortuary Agriculture + business= agribusiness Advert + entertainment= advertainment Medical + care= medicare Awesome + fantastic= awesometastic Anagram + mnemonic= anamonic
Compound A compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding or composition is the word-formation that creates compound lexemes (the other word-formation process being derivation. In simple word, we can say that compound words known as two words that will be combined together to create a new meaning of the word. Examples of compound: Airman Airport Airship Backdrop Background Chairman Championship Checkmate Hardware Highway Acronyms Acronyms are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name. Examples of acronyms: AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome USA: United States of America ASAP: As soon as possible TEFL: Teaching English as a Foreign Language TESOL: Teaching English as a Second Language CALL: Computer Assisted Language Learning ESL: English as a Second Language
Affixes An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem. A suffix (also sometimes called a postfix or ending) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.
Create means is inventing or creating a new words which have its own meaning. For example, those days ‘mouse’ is only known as a kind of animal. But nowadays it is also known as a component in computers. So, this means that words also will be created as the world is changing.
Examples of new words:
Facebook
Website
Webpage
Mozila
Pentium
De-friend= the act of removing someone from your friend’s list
Chillax= to tell somebody to chill and relax at the same time
Micro-blogging= a web service that allows users to broadcast short messages to other subscribers of the service.
BORROW In my point of view...... Borrowing is words that taken from other languages... Its also known as loanwords. There is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to the source language. They simply come to be used by a speech community that speaks a different language from the one they originated in.The examples are:- I. guitar –Spanish II. umbrella – Italian III. noodle – German IV. avatar – Sanskrit V. maharaja – Hindi VI. curry – Dravidian VII. Sultan – Arabic VIII. Ketchup – Chinese IX. Karaoke – Japanese
BLEND Blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes.For examples:- Globish (global + English) guitarthritis (guitar + arthritis) infotainment (information + entertainment) moped (motor + pedal) motorcade (motor + cavalcade) palimony (pal + alimony) pornacopia (pornography + cornucopia) pulsar (pulse + quasar) sexcapade (sex + escapade) slanguage (slang + language) smash (smack + mash) sportscast (sports + broadcast) COMPOUND A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word. EYE - color, brow, lid BED – rock, time, pillow HAND- bag, shake, glove SAND- paper, storm, box AFFIX An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. PREFIX - depend, deduct, antibiotic, anticlimax SUFFIX – comfortable, appraisal, military, wizard PREFIX & SUFFIX - uncomfortable, unavoidable, unimaginative, inactive, semi-circular
ACRONYMS a pronounceable name made up of a series of initial letters or parts of words... TRB – Technical Review Board ITU – International Telecommunication Union JWG – Join Working Group LAN – Local Area Network NSO – National Standard Organisation
CREATE Byte Jam Google Yuppie Kick log
Sorry guys for my mistake in compound... What is compound word?It means particularly adjectives and nouns, are combined to form compound structures in a variety of ways.There are 3 forms of compound words such as a)Closed form: football,sunflower,childlike,sugarcane,watermelon,softball,and etc.
My research on this topic: 1.Borrow word •Words that are taken from the other languages or is a consequence of cultural contact between two language communities. •Borrowing of words can go in both directions between the two languages in contact, but often there is an asymmetry, such that more words go from one side to the other. In this case the source language community has some advantage of power, prestige and/or wealth that makes the objects and ideas it brings desirable and useful to the borrowing language community •For examples, Chinese language, Indian language, French language, Spanish language, Dutch and so on.
French-Ballet, Bastion, Shock, Garage Dutch, Flemish - Boom, Buoy, Leak, Landscape German- Dunk, Noodle, Poodle, Schnitzel Russian - Icon, Vodka, Apparatchik Sanskrit - Avatar, Karma Hindi - Bungalow, Cot, Jungle Persian( Parsi)- Check, Checkmate, Chess Arabic - Salaam, Sultan, Bazaar, Caravan African language - Banjo, Boogie- Woogie, Jazz American Indian language - Avocado, Cacao, Chinese - Ketchup, Tea, Ginseng Japanese - Judo, Kamikaze, Soy, Tsunami Pacific Islands - Bamboo, Rattan, taboo Australia - Boomerang, Budgerigar Greek -Anonymous, Atmosphere, Ostracize
2.Blends •A word formed by merging the sound and meaning of two or more other words. •Bending is an area of word formation where cleverness can be rewarded by instant popularity. •Examples and Observation. Agitprop = Agitation + Propaganda Bash = Bate + Mash Breathalyzer = Breath + Analyzer Camcorder = Camera + Recorder
3.Create •Creating a word that does not exist. •Examples: facebook, Website, printer
4.Affixes •A letter or group of letters added to the beginning or end of the word to change its meaning. •Affixation is the linguistics process speakers use to from different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (in fixation) or the end (suffixation) of words. •Words with Prefix:Disagree,Impatient,Inactive. •Words with Suffixes: Agreeable, Bomber, Blacken
5.Acronyms •A short word that is made from the first letter of a group of word or abbreviations formed from the initial components in a phrase or name. •For example:
TEFL Teaching English as a Foreign Language Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation BBC British Broadcasting Corporation DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The English language has an enormous amount of words that have been borrowed (or loaned) from other languages.
For example,
SPANISH - 'embargo' means arrest - 'lunch' - 'florida'
FRENCH - 'ambulance' - 'arson' - 'coupon'
JAPANESE - 'karaoke' - 'tsunami' - 'soy'
ITALIAN - 'cartoon' - 'canteen' - 'corridor'
MALAY - 'satay' - 'compound' - 'paddy'
AMERICAN INDIAN - 'tobacco' - 'tomato' - 'chili'
AFRIKAANS - 'slim' means small / inferior - 'trek' means journey by wagon
AMERICAN ENGLISH - 'teenager' - 'radio' - 'rattlesnake'
>> http://www.krysstal.com/borrow.html
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2. (i) Blends
- Blends deal with the action of abridging and then combining various lexemes to form a new word. - Algeo, a linguist, proposed dividing blends into three groups:
(a)Phonemic Overlap ~ a syllable or part of a syllable is shared between two words
(b)Clipping ~ the shortening of two words and then compounding them
(c)Phonemic Overlap and Clipping ~ shortening of two words to a shared syllable and then compounding
- An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before, after or within a root or stem. - It cannot stand alone.
(a)Prefix
- Occurs in the front of a root or stem - will increase our vocabulary by changing the definition of a word to form a new word - eg: de + press = depress (press down) ex + change = exchange (change out) il + legal = illegal (not legal)
(b)Suffix
- Occurs at the end of a root or stem - suffixes or word endings will frequently give a clue as to what part of speech a word may belong (e.g., noun, verb, adjective, adverb) - eg: breakable, acceptable, thoughtless, faithful, actuality
Derivational suffixes
- Derivational suffixes can combine with one another, which gives great flexibility in creating new words but also leads to further spelling complications. For example, -ity can be added to -able, but the result is -ability (e.g. suitability)
Inflectional suffixes
- Inflectional suffixes used to stress their importance in grammar as well as in spelling. For example, 's' marks a noun as plural, but a present tense verb as (third person) singular: e.g. The books look interesting but The book looks interesting; s changes to es after a hissing sound (e.g. hiss - hisses)
(v)Acronyms
- acronyms are abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name. - For example,
Oh dear,Fenin,that's not 'hand candy'...hand candy refers to something attractive on a persons hand.eg.a beautiful handbag... Fenin,you've got to be careful when you copy things from the NET...not everything is correct...so check double check with other sources...
1.The meaning of "eye candy" is someone who we look at is very attractive(handsome,pretty) that makes us like the person either it is a guy or girl.For example: The guy sitting on the bench there is Alex.He is very handsome and most girls in his class like him alot. 2.ear candy?It means music or songs which are very pleasing(nice to listen to).For an instance:Mayyen likes this korean song entitled,"Bogoshipda" bcoz it is a ear candy. 3.hand candy?This means an attractive item on the person's hand.For example:Miss Alisa's handphone is a "hand candy" bcoz it has beautiful decoration around the phone cover. 4.Cotton candy?There is another meaning for cotton candy.It refers to a very sweet person.
hey guys i have a korean mv titled,"my ear's candy"do u all wanna watch?its awesome i have watch it few times....here is the link-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrOHCn3h5UE ENJOY!!
- An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. - Usually, but not always, it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example, the word abbreviation can itself be represented by the abbreviation abbr., abbrv. or abbrev. - For example,
~ a., adj. = adjective ~ pp. = pages ~ Prof. = Professor
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Eponyms
- An eponym is a word derived from the name of a real, fictional, mythical or spurious character or person.
- Most eponyms originate from a person's surname:
~ for example,
'boycott' - from the Irish landlord Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott
'dahlia' - from the Swedish botanist Anders Dahl
'volt' - from the Italian physicist Count Alessandro Volta. Many eponymous words come from literary, biblical or mythological sources
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The meanings of:-
1.Eye candy
- A person or thing that is attractive but not intelligent or useful.
2.Ear candy
- Music with an instant appeal but with little lasting significance.
Blending is the word formation process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new word whose meaning is often a combination of the original words. For example:
Compounding is the word formation process in which two or more lexemes combine into a single new word. Compound words may be written as one word or as two words joined with a hyphen. For example:
* noun-noun compound: note + book → notebook * adjective-noun compound: blue + berry → blueberry * verb-noun compound: work + room → workroom * noun-verb compound: breast + feed → breastfeed * verb-verb compound: stir + fry → stir-fry * adjective-verb compound: high + light → highlight * verb-preposition compound: break + up → breakup * preposition-verb compound: out + run → outrun * adjective-adjective compound: bitter + sweet → bittersweet * preposition-preposition compound: in + to → into
some INTERESTING info i get about borrowed and adopted words...n i would like to share it...
1)chocolate When the Spanish arrived in Mexico they came across the Aztecs. The Aztec language is called Nahuatl. The Aztecs had a drink which they made from a bean they called CHOCO (bitter). They would put this bean into water (ATL) to produce CHOCO-ATL (bitter water). The TL sound is common in the Aztec language but not in Spanish. The Spaniards mispronounced the drink CHOCOLATO.
This drink was brought to Europe (with sugar added) where the pronunciation and spelling in English became CHOCOLATE.
2)ORANGE
The name of the fruit was NARANJ in Sanskrit. This language was spoken in ancient India. Indians traded with Arabs, so the word passed into Arabic as NARANJAH. The Spaniards were ruled by north African Arabs who passed the fruit and word into Spanish as NARANJA (pronounced as NARANHA). This came into English where the fruit was a NARANJ. Words ending in J are not common in English so the spelling quickly changed to a NARANGE.
The initial N moved to the a because of mis-hearing to give an ARANGE (this is called metanalysis).
Over time, the initial A became an O to give an ORANGE.
Blend words are words which are comprised of parts from two other words. Portmanteau is French for suitcase. Portmanteau words have two parts folded into one; much like the two parts of a suitcase fold into one unit..
APM-Advanced Power Management ACM-Association For Computing Machinery ADP-Automatic Data Processing ACL-Access Control List ESL-English As A Second Language USA-United States Of America UTAR-University Tunku Abdul Rahman
A borrow word can also be called a loanwords(words adopted by the speakers of one language from a different language.Loanwords are words adopted by the speakers of one language from a different language (the source language). The abstract noun borrowing refers to the process of speakers adopting words from a source language into their native language. "Loan" and "borrowing" are of course metaphors, because there is no literal lending process. There is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to the source language. Some examples: Orange - Sanskrit Algebra - Arabia
BLENDS WORDS A word formed by merging the sounds and meanings of two or more other words. Examples:
CREATE WORDS - Can be defined as new words. Words, however they are created, can become part of the language very easily. They only need to be used by enough speakers. This may be an unfamiliar concept for some learners, as other languages have systems which are more controlled. Native speakers enjoy playing with the language and actively invent new vocabulary. English is a common language in many specialised areas such as science, technology and the Internet, and as these areas grow so does the vocabulary needed to express new ideas and objects. English has many points of contact with other languages. Here words can cross over. There are many ways in which new words come into existence.
Examples: Homo-phobia Extremist
AFFIXES -Can be defined as involve additional elements called affixes. a)Prefixes are added/affixed to the beginning of words, adding meaning to the beginning of words. Examples are;
*pre- meaning before, as in prefix, prescient, predict, preposition, preface, prelude *im- a prefix negating the positive meaning of a word and thus giving it opposite meaning, as in impossible, immature, immaculate, improper, implacable, immeasurable *in- another positive meaning negator, as in incoherent, incomprehensible, incomplete, incontrovertible, inexpensive, insuperable, inexpugnable *ex- meaning out or outside of, as in exit, expiscate, extraordinary, expurgate *con- meaning with or together, as in concomitant, converse, conspire contra- means against, as in contradict *circum- means around, as in circumnavigate, circumfererence, circumspect *anti- meaning against, as in antidisestablishmentarianism,antipathy,antivenom *ante- meaning before, as in antediluvian
b)Suffixes are added/affixed to the ends of words, adding meaning to the ends of words. Examples are;
-phobia meaning fear of, as in arachnophobia, claustrophobia, hippopotomonstrosesquipedialophobia -mania meaning extreme or excessive liking of, as in pyromania, dipsomania, egomania, megalomania -ful meaning with, full of or containing, as in careful, lawful, woeful, wrathful -ness means the condition of, as in strangeness, wilderness, lawlessness, happiness -less meaning without, as in expressionless, lawless, fruitless, timeless
ACRONYMS -can be defined as words which are formed from the initial letters of other words. Examples: *DOS - Defunct operating system *Waaf - Women's Auxiliary Air Force *Radar - Radio detection and ranging *WTF - WELCOME TO FACEBOOK
i)borrow - taking over of words from other language.eg: *yogurt (turkish) *zebra (bantu) *piano (italian)
ii)blends/compounds - joining of two separate to produce a single form of word. eg: * book + case = bookcase * china + town = chinatown * finger + print = fingerprint
iii)create - a new word created by the children
iv)affixes - affixes content two important compenent which is prefixs and suffix. - prefixs are morpheme added to the begining of the word. eg: unhappy,irresponsible
- suffix are the morpheme added to the end of the word. eg: happiness,sadness
v)acronyms - creating a new word from the intial of the origin word. eg: UNITAR - Universiti Tunku Abdul Razak
My research on these topic..
ReplyDeleteBorrow:
1. Alcohol=liquor(Arabic)
2. Paradise=heaven(Avestan)
3. Magic(Avestan)
Blends:
1. Fantabulous [blend of "fantastic" & "tabulous"]
2. Juneteenth [blend of "June" & "nineteenth"]
3. Airbill [blend of "air" & "waybill" ]
4. Manglish [blend of "Malaysia" & "English"]
5. Singlish [blend of "Singapore" & "English"]
Compounds:
1. Guest House [A private house offering accommodations to paying guests]
2. Aftershaves [An astringent, typically scented lotion for applying to the skin after shaving]
3. Ballroom [a large room, as in a hotel or resort, with a polished floor for dancing]
Affixes:
1. Prefix= unhappy(sad)-adj
2. Suffix= happiness(pleasure, joy/the quality or state of being happy.)-noun
Acronyms:
1. SARS–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
2. DVD-Digital Video Disk ); Digital Versatile Disk )
3. UTAR-University Tun Abdul Rahman
Create:
I am still finding it.. :(
In my view there are multiple ways that a language can increase its vocabulary, or acquire new words.
ReplyDelete1.)Borrow (words from other parts of the world)
o Hindi - bungalow, jungle, shampoo, thug
o Persian - check, checkmate, chess
o Chinese - ketchup, tea, ginseng
2.)Blends (words which are comprised of parts from two other words)
o Pixel – picture + element
o Skyjack – sky + hijack
o Goon – gorilla + baboon
o Bash – bang + smash
3.) Affixes (base word)
- Prefixe: ReTurn, ReView, MisUnderstand, AbNormal.
- Suffixe: washES, biggER, runnER, thankFUL
- Prefixe and suffixe: UnbelieveAble, MisunderstandIng
4.) Acronyms (a word formed from the initial letters or groups of letters of words in a set phrase or series of words)
BRB : Be right back
EMS : Environment Management System
TRIPS : Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights Trade
5.) Create
Apple: a round fruit that grows on trees
Beef: meat from a cow
Boom: period of economic growth
Banging: making a loud noise
im not sure regarding the english words that have been created and added into english...mam can u check it out for me?
What do you mean by asking me to check it out for you,Raj_vathy?I thought you are supposed to do the research....
ReplyDeleteCan you think of words borrowed from Spanish,French,Japanese,Italian,Malay,Indian,etc?
ReplyDeleteCan you guess what the following blends are?
ReplyDelete1.lithe+slimy=
2.jeans+leggings=
3.booty+delicious=
4.crocodile+alligator=
5.flimsy+miserable=
6.breakfast+lunch=
7.fashion+fiesta=
8.chuckle+snort=
Abbreviations or clippings or short forms are often used in language.eg.telly for telivision,maths for mathematics,etc
ReplyDeleteCan you think of other abbreviations?
Do you know what 'Eponyms'are?Explain and give examples.
ReplyDeleteBORROW
ReplyDeleteBorrowed also know as loanword.Loanword are words adapted by the speakers of one language from a different language.
• Genic ( Arabic)– from ‘Jinn’.Spirits that inhabit the world.
• Chile (Araucania) – the end of the land.
• Skirt (Norse) – shirt
BLENDS
Blend word or portmanteau is one derived by combining portions of two or more separate words.
• Bit – binary + digit
• Chilla – chilling + relaxing
• Goodbye – God + be(with) + ye
COMPOUND
A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word.
• News – stand,paper
• Lady – bug,finger
• Bed – rock,time
CREATE
• Hard disk
• Floppy disk
• Freeware
AFFIXES
Affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before,after,or within a root or stem.Prefix is an element placed at the beginning of a word and suffix is an element placed at the end of a word.
• Prefix – a- (not) = amoral,apolitical
poly- (many,several) = polygom,polygamy,polytechnic,polytheism
• Suffix - -ics (things having to do with) = optics,physics
-sis (act,state,condition of) = analysis
ACRONYMS
Acronym is a word formed from the initial letter or letters of each at the successive parts or major parts at the compound term.
• ABG – Arterial Blood Gase
• NCI – National Cancer Institute
• OSL – Open Source Lab
• GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
WelNow try answering the questions I've posted...
ReplyDeleteSPANISH = alligator, barricade
ReplyDeleteFRENCH = ballet, entrepreneur
JAPANESE = karaoke, rickshaw
ITALIAN = influenza, umbrella
MALAY = gong, rambutan
INDIAN = mango, poppadom
CANTONESE = dim sum, lychee
DUTCH = cookie, lottery
EGYPTIAN = ebony, ivory
GERMAN = kindergarten, heroin
GREEK = barbarian, gypsy
LATIN = calendar, orbit
Eponyms – An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, after a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, other item is named or thought to be named.
1.Sandwich – named after John Mantagu, the Fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718 – 1792), a British politician.
2.Saxophone – named after Sax, the surname of a 19th-century instrument-making family in Belgium.
• Lithe + slimy = slithy/slythy
• Jeans + leggings = jeggings
• Breakfast + lunch = brunch
• Chuckle + snort = chortle
Other is still in process,mdm..
• Booty + delicious = bootylicious
ReplyDeleteAbbreviations
• Napkin = nappy
1)As we all know,borrow means words have been borrowed frm other languages.Examples are:
ReplyDeletea.Cummerbund(Hindi)-it is a wide sash worn as a waistband, and adapted for wear with men's formal dress in India.
b.Assassin(Arabic)-comes from the meaning of a word "hashish addict".Assassin is a type of killer or a murderer who murders a person in a sudden attack.
c.Pasta(Italian)-dough,pastry
2)Blends/Compounds-It means mixing 2 or more other words into one sentence.In an example:
a)Telegenic-(television+photogenic)
b)Camcoder-(Camera+recorder)
c)Emoticon-(Emote+icon)
d)Chexting-(Cheating+texting)
3)Create:-Chocolate,Bicycle,House,Car,Fire
4)Affixes:Means a word element
a.Prefixes-REproduction,MISunderstanding,UNcountable
b.Suffixes-GoodNESS,sleveLESS,foolISH
5)Acronyms-A word formed from the first letter of other words
a.LOL-Laugh out loud
b.KLCC-Kuala Lumpur World Trade Centre
c.CNY-Chinese New Year
d.KBS-Korea Broadcasting System
From:Mayyen =)
HI comes my research,
ReplyDeleteHow does a language Increase its vocabulary ?
1) Borrow
• Borrowing is the taking over of words from other languages
• English has adopted a vast number of words from other languages ,examples :
I. Amok (Malay)
II. Croissant ( French)
III. Dope (Dutch)
IV. Lilac (Persian)
V. Piano (Italian)
VI. Pretzel (German)
VII. Sofa (Arabic)
VIII. Tattoo (Tahitian)
IX. Tycoon (Japanese)
X. Yogurt (Turkish)
XI. Zebra (Bantu”)
2) Blend
• Blending is the combination of two separated form to produce a single new word.
• Blending is a process of taking only the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other words.
• Examples of blending =
-knapsack (knap + sack)
-lipstick (lip + stick)
-mouthwash (mouth + wash)
-sunlight (sun + light)
-raindrop (rain + drop)
-sandpaper (sand + paper)
-groundhog (ground + hog)
-afternoon (after + noon)
-motorcar (motor + car)
-eyebrow (eye + brow)
-spork ( spoon + fork)
~ flare(flame+glare)
~ flirtationship(flirting+relationship)
~ glimmer(gleam+shimmer)
~ Globish(global+English)
~ guitarthritis(guitar+arthritis)
~ moped(motor+pedal)
~ motorcade(motor+cavalcade)
3) Affixes
• An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word.
• Affixation is, the linguistic process speakers use to form different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the end (suffixation) of words.
Example of prefix :
a. –able= work-able , reli-able
b. –er=teach-er, work-er
c. –ing=shoot-ing, danc-ing
d. Al= refusal , proposal
e. –ly=quiet-ly , slow-ly , careful-ly
f. Less= penni-less , brain-less
g. Ise=hospital-ise , crystal-ise
h. –meat= treat-ment , amaze-ment
Example of suffix :
a. Anti = Antiabortion , anti-population
b. De= de-activated , de-mystify
c. Dis= dis-continue , dis-obey
d. Ex= ex-president , ex-wife , ex-friend
e. In= in-competent , in-complete
f. Mis= mis-count , mis-placed
g. Un=un-happy , un-fair , un-intelligent
h. Re= re-think , re-do , re-state.
4) Acronyms
• A word that is formed by combining some parts (usually the first letters) of some other terms For example, modem is the acronym derived from modulator/demodulator.
• In everyday speech, the term is also used to refer a longer phrase.
Examples of acronyms
ASAP As Soon As Possible
BTW By The Way
FWIW For What It's Worth
FYI For Your Information
IMHO In My Humble Opinion
IMO In My Opinion
LOL Laughing Out Loud
ROTFL Rolling On The Floor Laughing
TIA Thanks In Advance
Sugu,what's the difference between a 'blend'and a 'compound'?
ReplyDeletehi.....
ReplyDeleteNORRAINI BT IBRAHIM (aini)
Eponyms
An eponym is a word derived from the name of a real, fictional, mythical or spurious character or person.
An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named. One who is referred to as eponymous is someone who gives his or her name to something, e.g., Julian, the eponymous owner of the famous restaurant Julian's Castle. It is a common error to think that something eponymous is named after a particular person, e.g., Julian's eponymous restaurant.
Here is a list of eponyms:
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I–J - K - L–Z
Blends(answer)
Jeans+leggings= jeggings
Breakfast+lunch= brunch
Booty + delicious = boolicious
Crocodile+alligator= crogator
haha... i just try mdm..^_^
hi mdm gd afternoon,
ReplyDeleteBased on my understanding "compound" is joining of two separated words to produce a single.example:
(NOUN)
1)sun+burn= sunburn
2)wall+paper+wallpaper
3)waste+basket=wastebasket
example for (ADJECTIVE):
1)Good-looking
2)low-paid
example of (COMPOUNDS OF ADJECTIVE) :
FAST (adjective)+ FOOD (noun)= FAST-FOOD
Next, Blends is combination of two separated words to produce a new word. Blending is typically accomplished by taking ONLY the beginning of the word n joining it to the one of the other word.one of the good Example tht ms.saradha gave in the class
1) when we are for lunch and late for breakfast, we combine both for BRUNCH..
2)MOTEL (motor+ hotel)
3)SMURK(smoke+ murk)...
mam, actualy wat i meant was plz check it out wheter wat i found for those created words was correct or not...hmmm
ReplyDeletewords borrowed from French:
ReplyDelete-abolish
-accident
-gambrel
-fountain
-esteem
words borrowed from Indian:
-cash
-curry
-coolie
-ginger
-coir
words borrowed from Malay:
-durian
-dugong
-satay
-rambutan
-launch(lancar)
words borrowed from Italian:
-balcony
-carpet
-gallery
-saloon
-model
words borrowed from Spanish:
-chocolate
-banana
-fiesta
-mole
-potato
words borrowed from Japanese
-karaoke
-sushi
-tsunami
words borrowed from African:
-dengue
-coffee
-safari
1.)chuckle + snort= chortle
ReplyDelete2.)breakfast + lunch= brunch
3.)jeans + legging= jegging
4.)lithe + slimy= slithy
5.)flimsy + miserable= mimsy
6.)booty + delicious= bootylicious
7.)crocodile + alligator= ???????????????
8.)fashion + fiesta= fashionista
An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually,it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase..For an example:
ReplyDelete*Prof. - professor
*exam - examination
*lab - laboratory
*gas - gasoline
*memo - memorandum
*gym - gymnastics
*doc - doctor
*fax - facsimile
Eponyms mean a person after whom discovery, invention, place to be named..a name or noun formed after a person. example:
sausaphone > John Philip Sousa
volt > Italian pysicist Count Alessandro Volta
dahlia > Swedish botanist Anders Dahl
Sugu,check your answers.Separate the blends from the compounds...
ReplyDeleteLanguage increases it vocabulary by borrowing means words that are "adopted" from another language for example the word Dobi meaning laundry
ReplyDeletethat comes from Indian language is used in English.
Examples : pajamas, curry, tsunami
Affixes are words that are attached to a root word. prefixes are at the beginning and suffix at the end
Blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. Meaning 2 words or more words put together to form one word.
for example, smash (smack + mash), sportscast (sports + broadcast)
Create means to create new words for example facebook, internet, webpage, homepage, mouse. All these words are being created that have new meaning. For example WEB + PAGE to different words combine to create a different meaning.
cont'ed...
ReplyDeleteAffixes are words that are attached at the beginning and the end of a root word.
prefixes are at the beginning and suffix is at the end.
example of words:
prefixes- (A)+sleep = asleep
suffix - Sleep+(ing) = sleeping
affixes A + wake + ing = Awakening
acronyms are initial components
example Kuala Lumpur = KL
EPF = Employees Provident Fund
thanks maam,
Lekha :)
Hahaha,Norrani,good try...please check with the amswers that are posted...
ReplyDeleteHmmm,Lekha,what about words such as kodak',kleenex,etc...are they created???
ReplyDelete* borrowed words*
ReplyDeletefrom Chinese
- catsup= ketchup
from persian
- shawl
- bazaar
from french
- cafe
-essence
-brunette
from latin
- butera= butter
-piper= pepper
- pund= pound
from sanskrit
-avatar
*coumpound words*
Two or more words linked to create a new one: boyfriend
long-winded
motorbike
meeting room
The two words can be merged, separated by a space, or hyphenated.
blend words:
fortnight= fourteen+ night
twiddle= twist+ fiddle
faction= fact+ fiction
prefixes:
agriculture
ergonomics
megabyte
suffix:
helpful
democracy
pedagogy
acronyms:
MP= Member of Parliament
CB= Coffee Break..
Kodak is a name created by Eastman for his product and company.he wanted a name that should be short, one cannot mispronounce it, and it could not resemble anything or be associated with. So he choose Kodak. Its created.
ReplyDeleteKleenex is a brand name and it is a registered trademark. Kleenex is also created.
ReplyDeleteCreate means creating a word that is not existing.
Confused Lekha.
my research on these topic...
ReplyDelete1)Borrow(words that are taken from other languages)
a.cross-Latin
b.coach-Hungarian
c.taekwondo-Korean
d.vodka-Russian
e.banana-Spanish
f.cockroach-Spanish
f.curry-Tamil
2)Blends(words which are comprised of parts from two other words)
a.because-by+cause
b.electrocute-electronic+execute
c.fortnight-fourteen+nights
d.intercom-internal+communication
e.workaholic-work+alcoholic
f.twiddle-twist+fiddle
g.pixel-picture+element
h.muppet-marionette+puppet
i.telethon-telephone+marathone
j.slang-slovenly+language
3)Create
a.facebook
b.bluetooth
4)Affixes(an affix is a morpheme added to a word to change its function or meaning)
prefix-occurs in the front of a root or stem.
suffix-occurs at the end of a root or stem.
Prefix
a.ambi=ambidextrous,ambivalent
b.ana=analog,anatomy,anagram
c.con=connect
d.dis=disengage,discord,discomfort
e.ex=exhume,exhale,exodus
e.poly=polygon,polygomy,polytechnic
Suffix
a.-ism=pacifism,terrorism,sociolism,communism
b.-logy=biology,geology,ethymology,cardiology
c.-phobia=photophobia,claustrophobia,agrophobia
d.-ite=meteorite,polite,cosmopolite
5)Acronyms
a.AADT-Average Annual Weekday Traffic
b.BRB-be right back
c.EMS-Environmental Management System
d.ASAP-as soon as possible
e.ICJ-International Court of Justice
f.APEC-Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
How does a language increase its vocabulary?
ReplyDeleteBorrow
Borrowed words means that certain words will be taken from another part of language. For instance, in English language they borrow words from Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Spanish and so on.
Examples of words that borrowed from other languages are as follows:
French: ambulance, diplomat, parachute, sauce
Malay: amok, bamboo, gong, orang-utan
Sanskrit: Orange, avatar, karma, yoga
Hindi: jungle, shampoo, bangle, bungalow
Arabic: sultan, bazaar, giraffe
Persian: check, checkmate, chess
Japanese: sushi, tsunami, samurai, karaoke
Spanish: tornado, guitar
Blends
Blends deal with the action of abridging and then combining various lexemes to form a new word. Based on Algeo, a linguist he has divided blends into three group which known as:
1. Phonemic Overlap: a syllable or part of a syllable is shared between two words
2. Clipping: the shortening of two words and then compounding them
3. Phonemic Overlap and Clipping: shortening of two words to a shared syllable and then compounding.
Here are few samples of blends….
Motor + hotel= motel
Wiki + dictionary= wiktionary
Smoke + fog= smog
Spoon + fork= spork
Simultaneous + broadcast= simulcast
Abort + mortuary= abortuary
Agriculture + business= agribusiness
Advert + entertainment= advertainment
Medical + care= medicare
Awesome + fantastic= awesometastic
Anagram + mnemonic= anamonic
Compound
A compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding or composition is the word-formation that creates compound lexemes (the other word-formation process being derivation.
In simple word, we can say that compound words known as two words that will be combined together to create a new meaning of the word.
Examples of compound:
Airman
Airport
Airship
Backdrop
Background
Chairman
Championship
Checkmate
Hardware
Highway
Acronyms
Acronyms are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name.
Examples of acronyms:
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
USA: United States of America
ASAP: As soon as possible
TEFL: Teaching English as a Foreign Language
TESOL: Teaching English as a Second Language
CALL: Computer Assisted Language Learning
ESL: English as a Second Language
Affixes
An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem.
A suffix (also sometimes called a postfix or ending) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.
Few examples of suffix:
er- teacher
able- unbelievable
ous- dangerous
ness- happiness
ful- wonderful
Examples of prefix:
anti= anti-fungal, antidepressant
auto= autograph, automobile
un= unconvincing, unnatural, unprepared
Create
Create means is inventing or creating a new words which have its own meaning. For example, those days ‘mouse’ is only known as a kind of animal. But nowadays it is also known as a component in computers. So, this means that words also will be created as the world is changing.
Examples of new words:
Facebook
Website
Webpage
Mozila
Pentium
De-friend= the act of removing someone from your friend’s list
Chillax= to tell somebody to chill and relax at the same time
Micro-blogging= a web service that allows users to broadcast short messages to other subscribers of the service.
BORROW
ReplyDeleteIn my point of view......
Borrowing is words that taken from other languages...
Its also known as loanwords. There is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to the source language. They simply come to be used by a speech community that speaks a different language from the one they originated in.The examples are:-
I. guitar –Spanish
II. umbrella – Italian
III. noodle – German
IV. avatar – Sanskrit
V. maharaja – Hindi
VI. curry – Dravidian
VII. Sultan – Arabic
VIII. Ketchup – Chinese
IX. Karaoke – Japanese
BLEND
Blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes.For examples:-
Globish (global + English)
guitarthritis (guitar + arthritis)
infotainment (information + entertainment)
moped (motor + pedal)
motorcade (motor + cavalcade)
palimony (pal + alimony)
pornacopia (pornography + cornucopia)
pulsar (pulse + quasar)
sexcapade (sex + escapade)
slanguage (slang + language)
smash (smack + mash)
sportscast (sports + broadcast)
COMPOUND
A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word.
EYE - color, brow, lid
BED – rock, time, pillow
HAND- bag, shake, glove
SAND- paper, storm, box
AFFIX
An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word.
PREFIX - depend, deduct, antibiotic, anticlimax
SUFFIX – comfortable, appraisal, military, wizard
PREFIX & SUFFIX - uncomfortable, unavoidable, unimaginative, inactive, semi-circular
ACRONYMS
a pronounceable name made up of a series of initial letters or parts of words...
TRB – Technical Review Board
ITU – International Telecommunication Union
JWG – Join Working Group
LAN – Local Area Network
NSO – National Standard Organisation
CREATE
Byte
Jam
Google
Yuppie
Kick
log
Sorry guys for my mistake in compound...
ReplyDeleteWhat is compound word?It means particularly adjectives and nouns, are combined to form compound structures in a variety of ways.There are 3 forms of compound words such as
a)Closed form: football,sunflower,childlike,sugarcane,watermelon,softball,and etc.
b)Hyphenated form:mother-in-law,ice-cream,8-years-old,master-at-arms
c)Closed form:full moon,bus stop,home alone,iron man,song writer,middle class
Frm:Mayyen
My research on this topic:
ReplyDelete1.Borrow word
•Words that are taken from the other languages or is a consequence of cultural contact between two language communities.
•Borrowing of words can go in both directions between the two languages in contact, but often there is an asymmetry, such that more words go from one side to the other. In this case the source language community has some advantage of power, prestige and/or wealth that makes the objects and ideas it brings desirable and useful to the borrowing language community
•For examples, Chinese language, Indian language, French language, Spanish language, Dutch and so on.
French-Ballet, Bastion, Shock, Garage
Dutch, Flemish - Boom, Buoy, Leak, Landscape
German- Dunk, Noodle, Poodle, Schnitzel
Russian - Icon, Vodka, Apparatchik
Sanskrit - Avatar, Karma
Hindi - Bungalow, Cot, Jungle
Persian( Parsi)- Check, Checkmate, Chess
Arabic - Salaam, Sultan, Bazaar, Caravan
African language - Banjo, Boogie- Woogie, Jazz
American Indian language - Avocado, Cacao,
Chinese - Ketchup, Tea, Ginseng
Japanese - Judo, Kamikaze, Soy, Tsunami
Pacific Islands - Bamboo, Rattan, taboo
Australia - Boomerang, Budgerigar
Greek -Anonymous, Atmosphere, Ostracize
2.Blends
•A word formed by merging the sound and meaning of two or more other words.
•Bending is an area of word formation where cleverness can be rewarded by instant popularity.
•Examples and Observation.
Agitprop = Agitation + Propaganda
Bash = Bate + Mash
Breathalyzer = Breath + Analyzer
Camcorder = Camera + Recorder
3.Create
•Creating a word that does not exist.
•Examples: facebook, Website, printer
4.Affixes
•A letter or group of letters added to the beginning or end of the word to change its meaning.
•Affixation is the linguistics process speakers use to from different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (in fixation) or the end (suffixation) of words.
•Words with Prefix:Disagree,Impatient,Inactive.
•Words with Suffixes: Agreeable, Bomber, Blacken
5.Acronyms
•A short word that is made from the first letter of a group of word or abbreviations formed from the initial components in a phrase or name.
•For example:
TEFL Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Well done Mayyen!And who is this?
ReplyDeleteWhat is:
ReplyDelete1.eye candy?
2.ear candy?
3.hand candy?
Mdm Sarada, sorry for the late comment..
ReplyDelete1. Borrow
The English language has an enormous amount of words that have been borrowed (or loaned) from other languages.
For example,
SPANISH
- 'embargo' means arrest
- 'lunch'
- 'florida'
FRENCH
- 'ambulance'
- 'arson'
- 'coupon'
JAPANESE
- 'karaoke'
- 'tsunami'
- 'soy'
ITALIAN
- 'cartoon'
- 'canteen'
- 'corridor'
MALAY
- 'satay'
- 'compound'
- 'paddy'
AMERICAN INDIAN
- 'tobacco'
- 'tomato'
- 'chili'
AFRIKAANS
- 'slim' means small / inferior
- 'trek' means journey by wagon
AMERICAN ENGLISH
- 'teenager'
- 'radio'
- 'rattlesnake'
>> http://www.krysstal.com/borrow.html
------------------------------------------------
2.
(i) Blends
- Blends deal with the action of abridging
and then combining various lexemes to form
a new word.
- Algeo, a linguist, proposed dividing blends
into three groups:
(a)Phonemic Overlap
~ a syllable or part of a syllable is
shared between two words
(b)Clipping
~ the shortening of two words and then
compounding them
(c)Phonemic Overlap and Clipping
~ shortening of two words to a shared
syllable and then compounding
-For example,
lithe + slimy = slithy
jeans + leggings = jeggings
booty + delicious = bootylicious
crocodile + alligator = --------
flimsy + miserable = mimsy
breakfast + lunch = brunch
fashion + fiesta = --------
chuckle + snort = chortle
simultaneous + broadcast = simulcast
smoke + fog = smog
cybernetic + organism = cyborg
motor + hotel = motel
lithe + slimy = slithy
(ii) Compounds
- A compound word is made when two words
are joined to form a new word.
- For example,
~ lady + bug = ladybug
~ eye + brow = eyebrow
~ thumb + print = thumbprint
cont. . .
ReplyDelete(iv)Affixes
- An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined
before, after or within a root or stem.
- It cannot stand alone.
(a)Prefix
- Occurs in the front of a root or stem
- will increase our vocabulary by changing
the definition of a word to form a new word
- eg:
de + press = depress (press down)
ex + change = exchange (change out)
il + legal = illegal (not legal)
(b)Suffix
- Occurs at the end of a root or stem
- suffixes or word endings will frequently
give a clue as to what part of speech a
word may belong (e.g., noun, verb,
adjective, adverb)
- eg: breakable, acceptable, thoughtless,
faithful, actuality
Derivational suffixes
- Derivational suffixes can combine with one
another, which gives great flexibility in
creating new words but also leads to further
spelling complications. For example, -ity can
be added to -able, but the result is -ability
(e.g. suitability)
Inflectional suffixes
- Inflectional suffixes used to stress their
importance in grammar as well as in spelling.
For example, 's' marks a noun as plural, but
a present tense verb as (third person)
singular: e.g. The books look interesting but
The book looks interesting; s changes to es
after a hissing sound (e.g. hiss - hisses)
(v)Acronyms
- acronyms are abbreviations that are formed
using the initial components in a phrase or
name.
- For example,
CEO - Chief Executive Officer
(corporate title)
COBOL - Common Business Oriented Language
VISA - Visa International Service
Association
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteOh dear,Fenin,that's not 'hand candy'...hand candy refers to something attractive on a persons hand.eg.a beautiful handbag...
ReplyDeleteFenin,you've got to be careful when you copy things from the NET...not everything is correct...so check double check with other sources...
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletesorry mdm sarada..i will be careful next time..
ReplyDeletethanks^^
Hi haloooo. here comes the meaning of eye candy=
ReplyDelete~Someone or something that is visually attractive ..:)
1.The meaning of "eye candy" is someone who we look at is very attractive(handsome,pretty) that makes us like the person either it is a guy or girl.For example:
ReplyDeleteThe guy sitting on the bench there is Alex.He is very handsome and most girls in his class like him alot.
2.ear candy?It means music or songs which are very pleasing(nice to listen to).For an instance:Mayyen likes this korean song entitled,"Bogoshipda" bcoz it is a ear candy.
3.hand candy?This means an attractive item on the person's hand.For example:Miss Alisa's handphone is a "hand candy" bcoz it has beautiful decoration around the phone cover.
4.Cotton candy?There is another meaning for cotton candy.It refers to a very sweet person.
hey guys i have a korean mv titled,"my ear's candy"do u all wanna watch?its awesome i have watch it few times....here is the link-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrOHCn3h5UE
ReplyDeleteENJOY!!
Abbreviation
ReplyDelete- An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word
or phrase.
- Usually, but not always, it consists of a
letter or group of letters taken from the
word or phrase. For example, the word
abbreviation can itself be represented by the
abbreviation abbr., abbrv. or abbrev.
- For example,
~ a., adj. = adjective
~ pp. = pages
~ Prof. = Professor
------------------------------------------------
Eponyms
- An eponym is a word derived from the name of
a real, fictional, mythical or spurious
character or person.
- Most eponyms originate from a person's
surname:
~ for example,
'boycott' - from the Irish landlord Captain
Charles Cunningham Boycott
'dahlia' - from the Swedish botanist
Anders Dahl
'volt' - from the Italian physicist
Count Alessandro Volta. Many
eponymous words come from
literary, biblical or
mythological sources
------------------------------------------------
The meanings of:-
1.Eye candy
- A person or thing that is attractive but
not intelligent or useful.
2.Ear candy
- Music with an instant appeal but with
little lasting significance.
Blending
ReplyDeleteBlending is the word formation process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new word whose meaning is often a combination of the original words. For example:
* advertisement + entertainment → advertainment
* biographical + picture → biopic
* breakfast + lunch → brunch
* chuckle + snort → chortle
* cybernetic + organism → cyborg
* guess + estimate → guesstimate
* hazardous + material → hazmat
* motor + hotel → motel
* prim + sissy → prissy
* simultaneous + broadcast → simulcast
* smoke + fog → smog
* Spanish + English → Spanglish
* spoon + fork → spork
* telephone + marathon → telethon
* web + seminar → webinar
sOME OTHER EXAMPLES I GET FROM MY RESERACH FOR BLEND WORDS...
ReplyDelete# agitprop (agitation + propaganda)
# alcopop (alcohol + pop)
# bash (bat + mash)
# Breathalyzer (breath + analyzer)
# camcorder (camera + recorder)
# chexting (cheating + texting)
# clash (clap + crash)
# cosmeceutical (cosmetic + pharmaceutical)
# docudrama (documentary + drama)
# electrocute (electricity + execute)
# emoticon (emote + icon)
# faction (fact + fiction)
# fanzine (fan + magazine)
# flare (flame + glare)
# flirtationship (flirting + relationship)
# glimmer (gleam + shimmer)
# Globish (global + English)
# guitarthritis (guitar + arthritis)
# infotainment (information + entertainment)
# moped (motor + pedal)
# motorcade (motor + cavalcade)
# palimony (pal + alimony)
# pornacopia (pornography + cornucopia)
# pulsar (pulse + quasar)
# sexcapade (sex + escapade)
# slanguage (slang + language)
# smash (smack + mash)
# sportscast (sports + broadcast)
# stagflation (stagnation + inflation)
# staycation (stay home + vacation)
# telegenic (television + photogenic)
# textpectation (text message + expectation)
# workaholic (work + alcoholic
bash -bang + smash
bleep -blankout + beep
because -by + cause
blotch -blot + botch
bit -binary + digit
blurt -blow + spurt
cellophane- cellulose + diaphane
brash -bold + rash
dumbfound- dumb + confound
chortle -chuckle + snort
electrocute- electronic + execute
chump - chunk + lump
flare -flame + glare
clash -clap +crash
fortnight- fourteen + nights
ditsy - dizzy + dotty
goodbye- God + be (with) + ye
doddle -dodder + toddle
hassle -haggle + tussle
emoticon -emotion + icon
humongous -huge + monstrous
flop - flap + drop
intercom -internal + communication
flurry -flutter + hurry
modem -modulator + demodulator
galumph -gallop + triumph
motel - motor + hotel
glitz -glamour + ritz
Muppet -marionette + puppet
goon -gorilla + baboon
napalm -naphthene + palmitate
pang -pain + sting
o'clock of -(the) + clock
prissy -prim + sissy
pixel -picture + element
scuzzy -scummy + lousy
paratroops -parachute + troops
slosh - slop + slush
skyjack - sky + hijack
snazzy - snappy + jazzy
slang -slovenly + language
splurge -splash + surge
smog - smoke + fog
squiggle -squirm + wriggle
swipe - wipe + sweep
tangelo -tangerine + pomelo
telethon -telephone + marathon
twiddle -twist + fiddle
workaholic -work + alcoholic
waddle - wade + toddle
BORROW WORDS...
ReplyDelete1-DANISH=DRIG,FOG,KIDNAP,SMILE,TANG
2-EGYPTIAN=BARK,GUM,IVORY,MUMMY,PAPER
3-FRANKISH=COAT,HOSE,MARSHALL,SKATE
4-GERMAN=CLOCK,DOLLAR,HAMBURGER,HEROIN,
KINDERGARTEN,LUCK,MENTHOL,MUFFIN,NOODLE,RUB
5-GUJARATI=TANK
6-HINDI=MABGLE,BASMATI,CHEETAH,CHUTNEY,HIMALAYA,
JUNGLE,PUNCH,SAMOSA,SAREE,SHAMPOO
7-JAPANESE=KARAOKE,KARATE,NINJA,RICKSHAW,
SAMURAI,SUSHI,TSUNAMI
8-KOREAN=TAEKWONDO
9-LATIN=AGENDA,ALBUM,ANIMAL,AQUARIUM,AQUARIUS,
AUGUST,CALENDER,CANCER,CURRICULUM,DATA,DECEMBER,DOCTOR,EDUCATOR,STUDY,TABLE,VEHICLE,VERSUS,
VICTIM,VILLA,STUPID
10-BENGALI=BANGLADESH,BUNGALOW
11-MALAYALAM=COPRA,TEAK...
THOSE ARE DIFFERENT BORROW WORDS I GET FROM OTHER...SORY IF I HAD REPEATED SOME
compound
ReplyDeleteCompounding is the word formation process in which two or more lexemes combine into a single new word. Compound words may be written as one word or as two words joined with a hyphen. For example:
* noun-noun compound: note + book → notebook
* adjective-noun compound: blue + berry → blueberry
* verb-noun compound: work + room → workroom
* noun-verb compound: breast + feed → breastfeed
* verb-verb compound: stir + fry → stir-fry
* adjective-verb compound: high + light → highlight
* verb-preposition compound: break + up → breakup
* preposition-verb compound: out + run → outrun
* adjective-adjective compound: bitter + sweet → bittersweet
* preposition-preposition compound: in + to → into
some INTERESTING info i get about borrowed and adopted words...n i would like to share it...
ReplyDelete1)chocolate
When the Spanish arrived in Mexico they came across the Aztecs. The Aztec language is called Nahuatl. The Aztecs had a drink which they made from a bean they called CHOCO (bitter). They would put this bean into water (ATL) to produce CHOCO-ATL (bitter water).
The TL sound is common in the Aztec language but not in Spanish. The Spaniards mispronounced the drink CHOCOLATO.
This drink was brought to Europe (with sugar added) where the pronunciation and spelling in English became CHOCOLATE.
2)ORANGE
The name of the fruit was NARANJ in Sanskrit. This language was spoken in ancient India. Indians traded with Arabs, so the word passed into Arabic as NARANJAH. The Spaniards were ruled by north African Arabs who passed the fruit and word into Spanish as NARANJA (pronounced as NARANHA).
This came into English where the fruit was a NARANJ. Words ending in J are not common in English so the spelling quickly changed to a NARANGE.
The initial N moved to the a because of mis-hearing to give an ARANGE (this is called metanalysis).
Over time, the initial A became an O to give an ORANGE.
names for -movies-is it a created word??????????
ReplyDeletehurm.....
Dear Mdm,sorry for the late comment...
ReplyDeleteHow Does A Language Increase Its Vocabulary?
Borrow Words:
-borrow words can be defined as "loanwords" which are derived from other languages..
a)assignment,desert(French)
b)carpet,cartoon(Italian)
c)bungalow,pajamas(Hindustani)
d)coach,biro(Hungarian)
e)feng shui,ginseng(Chinese)
f)kindergarten,noodle(German)
g)coffee,banana(African)
Blend Words:
Blend words are words which are comprised of parts from two other words. Portmanteau is French for suitcase. Portmanteau words have two parts folded into one; much like the two parts of a suitcase fold into one unit..
a)Japlish(Japanese+English)
b)Bollywood(Bombay+Hollywood)
c)Microsoft(Microcomputer+Software)
d)Globish(Global+English)
e)Because(By+Cause)
f)Medicare(Medical+Care)
Create:
Create means is inventing or creating a new words which have its own meaning..
a)Webpage
b)Mouse
c)Facebook
d)Website
Affixes-an affix is a morpheme added to a word to change its function or meaning..
Prefix-occurs in the front of a root or stem..
Suffix-occurs at the end of a root or stem..
Prefix:
a)ana-analogy,anatomy,anagram
b)auto-automobile,autocracy,autobiography
c)apo-apology,apologize
d)ambi-ambivalent,ambidextrous
e)anti-antisocial,antipathy
f)ab-abstain,abnormal,abduction
Suffix:
a)ist-terrorist,socialist,communist
b)ism-terrorism,socialisme,communisme
c)logy-sociology,cardiology,biology
d)ics-physics,optics
e)cide-suicide,herbicide,patricide
Acronyms:
APM-Advanced Power Management
ACM-Association For Computing Machinery
ADP-Automatic Data Processing
ACL-Access Control List
ESL-English As A Second Language
USA-United States Of America
UTAR-University Tunku Abdul Rahman
BORROW WORDS
ReplyDeleteA borrow word can also be called a loanwords(words adopted by the speakers of one language from a different language.Loanwords are words adopted by the speakers of one language from a different language (the source language). The abstract noun borrowing refers to the process of speakers adopting words from a source language into their native language. "Loan" and "borrowing" are of course metaphors, because there is no literal lending process. There is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to the source language.
Some examples:
Orange - Sanskrit
Algebra - Arabia
BLENDS WORDS
A word formed by merging the sounds and meanings of two or more other words.
Examples:
# agitprop (agitation + propaganda)
# alcopop (alcohol + pop)
# bash (bat + mash)
# Breathalyzer (breath + analyzer)
# camcorder (camera + recorder)
# chexting (cheating + texting)
# clash (clap + crash)
# cosmeceutical (cosmetic + pharmaceutical)
# docudrama (documentary + drama)
# electrocute (electricity + execute)
# emoticon (emote + icon)
# faction (fact + fiction)
# fanzine (fan + magazine)
CREATE WORDS
- Can be defined as new words.
Words, however they are created, can become part of the language very easily. They only need to be used by enough speakers. This may be an unfamiliar concept for some learners, as other languages have systems which are more controlled.
Native speakers enjoy playing with the language and actively invent new vocabulary.
English is a common language in many specialised areas such as science, technology and the Internet, and as these areas grow so does the vocabulary needed to express new ideas and objects.
English has many points of contact with other languages. Here words can cross over.
There are many ways in which new words come into existence.
Examples:
Homo-phobia
Extremist
AFFIXES
-Can be defined as involve additional elements called affixes.
a)Prefixes are added/affixed to the beginning of words, adding meaning to the beginning of words. Examples are;
*pre- meaning before, as in prefix, prescient, predict, preposition, preface, prelude
*im- a prefix negating the positive meaning of a word and thus giving it opposite meaning, as in impossible, immature, immaculate, improper, implacable, immeasurable
*in- another positive meaning negator, as in incoherent, incomprehensible, incomplete, incontrovertible, inexpensive, insuperable, inexpugnable
*ex- meaning out or outside of, as in exit, expiscate, extraordinary, expurgate
*con- meaning with or together, as in concomitant, converse, conspire
contra- means against, as in contradict
*circum- means around, as in circumnavigate, circumfererence, circumspect
*anti- meaning against, as in antidisestablishmentarianism,antipathy,antivenom
*ante- meaning before, as in antediluvian
b)Suffixes are added/affixed to the ends of words, adding meaning to the ends of words. Examples are;
-phobia meaning fear of, as in arachnophobia, claustrophobia,
hippopotomonstrosesquipedialophobia
-mania meaning extreme or excessive liking of, as in pyromania, dipsomania, egomania, megalomania
-ful meaning with, full of or containing, as in careful, lawful, woeful, wrathful
-ness means the condition of, as in strangeness, wilderness, lawlessness, happiness
-less meaning without, as in expressionless, lawless, fruitless, timeless
ACRONYMS
-can be defined as words which are formed from the initial letters of other words.
Examples:
*DOS - Defunct operating system
*Waaf - Women's Auxiliary Air Force
*Radar - Radio detection and ranging
*WTF - WELCOME TO FACEBOOK
i)borrow - taking over of words from other language.eg:
ReplyDelete*yogurt (turkish)
*zebra (bantu)
*piano (italian)
ii)blends/compounds - joining of two separate to produce a single form of word. eg:
* book + case = bookcase
* china + town = chinatown
* finger + print = fingerprint
iii)create - a new word created by the children
iv)affixes - affixes content two important compenent which is prefixs and suffix.
- prefixs are morpheme added to the begining of the word.
eg: unhappy,irresponsible
- suffix are the morpheme added to the end of the word.
eg: happiness,sadness
v)acronyms - creating a new word from the intial of the origin word.
eg: UNITAR - Universiti Tunku Abdul Razak
Hye & Assalamualaikum wbt everyone....^^
ReplyDeleteBorrow the words. for example
Arabic- gazelle, giraffe, harem, hashish, lute, minaret, mosque, myrrh, salaam, sirocco, sultan, vizier, bazaar.
Sanskrit- avatar, karma, swastika, yoga .
Hindi- bandanna, bangle, bungalow, chintz, cot, cummerbund,jungle, loot, nabob, pajamas, punch (the drink), shampoo.
------------------------------------------------
Blends the words;
bash- bang + smash
because- by + cause
bit- binary + digit
intercom- internal + communication
modem- modulator + demodulator
motel- motor + hotel
chortle- chuckle + snort
chump- chunk + lump
clash- clap + crash
ditsy- dizzy + dotty
glitz- glamour + Ritz
goon- gorilla + baboon
------------------------------------------------
Affixes- prefix- Return
suffix- bigger
prefix + suffix - unbelievable, misunderstand
------------------------------------------------
Acronyms- a word formed from the initial letters, such as
P&C- Private and confidential.
-----------------------------------------------
Create- for example;
bagging- making a loud noise.
tq....^^
hye everyone....;)
ReplyDeletesya3338 is LAW AI SYA...
hihihi.......
hi madam!!!!!!!
ReplyDeleteshe88tj is me SHELA TRINATH...
NUR IZNI BT MD ADNAN
ReplyDeleteKB0970942
UNIRAZAK KOTA BHARU REGIONAL CENTRE
1) borrow
sanskrit - avatar, karma, mahatma, swastika, yoga
chinese - chop suey, chow mein, dim sum, ketchup, tea, ginseng, kowtow, litchee
japananse - geisha, hara kiri, judo, jujitsu, kamikaze, karaoke, kimono, samurai, soy, sumo, sushi, tsunami
spanish - armada, adobe, alligator, alpaca, armadillo, barricade, bravado, cannibal, canyon, coyote, desperado, embargo, enchilada, guitar, marijuana, mesa, mosquito, mustang, ranch, taco, tornado, tortilla, vigilante
2) blends/compound
clap + crash = clash
motor + hotel = motel
sky + hijack = skyjack
picture + element = pixel
wipe + sweep = swipe
twist + fiddle = twiddle
breakfast + lunch = brunch
3) affixes
un + reli + able = unreliable
friend + ship = friendship
music + ian = musician
im + prove + ment = improvement
de + forest + ation = deforestation
4) acronyms
UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration