Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Week 3_25/02/2011

How Does A Language Increase Its Vocabulary?

i)borrow
ii)blends/compounds
iii)create
iv)affixes
v)acronyms

58 comments:

  1. My research on these topic..

    Borrow:
    1. Alcohol=liquor(Arabic)
    2. Paradise=heaven(Avestan)
    3. Magic(Avestan)

    Blends:
    1. Fantabulous [blend of "fantastic" & "tabulous"]
    2. Juneteenth [blend of "June" & "nineteenth"]
    3. Airbill [blend of "air" & "waybill" ]
    4. Manglish [blend of "Malaysia" & "English"]
    5. Singlish [blend of "Singapore" & "English"]

    Compounds:
    1. Guest House [A private house offering accommodations to paying guests]
    2. Aftershaves [An astringent, typically scented lotion for applying to the skin after shaving]
    3. Ballroom [a large room, as in a hotel or resort, with a polished floor for dancing]

    Affixes:
    1. Prefix= unhappy(sad)-adj
    2. Suffix= happiness(pleasure, joy/the quality or state of being happy.)-noun

    Acronyms:
    1. SARS–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
    2. DVD-Digital Video Disk ); Digital Versatile Disk )
    3. UTAR-University Tun Abdul Rahman

    Create:
    I am still finding it.. :(

    ReplyDelete
  2. In my view there are multiple ways that a language can increase its vocabulary, or acquire new words.

    1.)Borrow (words from other parts of the world)

    o Hindi - bungalow, jungle, shampoo, thug
    o Persian - check, checkmate, chess
    o Chinese - ketchup, tea, ginseng

    2.)Blends (words which are comprised of parts from two other words)

    o Pixel – picture + element
    o Skyjack – sky + hijack
    o Goon – gorilla + baboon
    o Bash – bang + smash

    3.) Affixes (base word)

    - Prefixe: ReTurn, ReView, MisUnderstand, AbNormal.

    - Suffixe: washES, biggER, runnER, thankFUL

    - Prefixe and suffixe: UnbelieveAble, MisunderstandIng


    4.) Acronyms (a word formed from the initial letters or groups of letters of words in a set phrase or series of words)

     BRB : Be right back
     EMS : Environment Management System
     TRIPS : Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights Trade


    5.) Create

     Apple: a round fruit that grows on trees
     Beef: meat from a cow
     Boom: period of economic growth
     Banging: making a loud noise


    im not sure regarding the english words that have been created and added into english...mam can u check it out for me?

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  3. What do you mean by asking me to check it out for you,Raj_vathy?I thought you are supposed to do the research....

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  4. Can you think of words borrowed from Spanish,French,Japanese,Italian,Malay,Indian,etc?

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  5. Can you guess what the following blends are?
    1.lithe+slimy=
    2.jeans+leggings=
    3.booty+delicious=
    4.crocodile+alligator=
    5.flimsy+miserable=
    6.breakfast+lunch=
    7.fashion+fiesta=
    8.chuckle+snort=

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  6. Abbreviations or clippings or short forms are often used in language.eg.telly for telivision,maths for mathematics,etc
    Can you think of other abbreviations?

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  7. Do you know what 'Eponyms'are?Explain and give examples.

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  8. BORROW
    Borrowed also know as loanword.Loanword are words adapted by the speakers of one language from a different language.
    • Genic ( Arabic)– from ‘Jinn’.Spirits that inhabit the world.
    • Chile (Araucania) – the end of the land.
    • Skirt (Norse) – shirt
    BLENDS
    Blend word or portmanteau is one derived by combining portions of two or more separate words.
    • Bit – binary + digit
    • Chilla – chilling + relaxing
    • Goodbye – God + be(with) + ye
    COMPOUND
    A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word.
    • News – stand,paper
    • Lady – bug,finger
    • Bed – rock,time
    CREATE
    • Hard disk
    • Floppy disk
    • Freeware
    AFFIXES
    Affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before,after,or within a root or stem.Prefix is an element placed at the beginning of a word and suffix is an element placed at the end of a word.
    • Prefix – a- (not) = amoral,apolitical
    poly- (many,several) = polygom,polygamy,polytechnic,polytheism
    • Suffix - -ics (things having to do with) = optics,physics
    -sis (act,state,condition of) = analysis
    ACRONYMS
    Acronym is a word formed from the initial letter or letters of each at the successive parts or major parts at the compound term.
    • ABG – Arterial Blood Gase
    • NCI – National Cancer Institute
    • OSL – Open Source Lab
    • GPRS – General Packet Radio Service

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  9. WelNow try answering the questions I've posted...

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  10. SPANISH = alligator, barricade
    FRENCH = ballet, entrepreneur
    JAPANESE = karaoke, rickshaw
    ITALIAN = influenza, umbrella
    MALAY = gong, rambutan
    INDIAN = mango, poppadom
    CANTONESE = dim sum, lychee
    DUTCH = cookie, lottery
    EGYPTIAN = ebony, ivory
    GERMAN = kindergarten, heroin
    GREEK = barbarian, gypsy
    LATIN = calendar, orbit

    Eponyms – An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, after a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, other item is named or thought to be named.
    1.Sandwich – named after John Mantagu, the Fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718 – 1792), a British politician.
    2.Saxophone – named after Sax, the surname of a 19th-century instrument-making family in Belgium.

    • Lithe + slimy = slithy/slythy
    • Jeans + leggings = jeggings
    • Breakfast + lunch = brunch
    • Chuckle + snort = chortle
    Other is still in process,mdm..

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  11. • Booty + delicious = bootylicious
    Abbreviations
    • Napkin = nappy

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  12. 1)As we all know,borrow means words have been borrowed frm other languages.Examples are:
    a.Cummerbund(Hindi)-it is a wide sash worn as a waistband, and adapted for wear with men's formal dress in India.
    b.Assassin(Arabic)-comes from the meaning of a word "hashish addict".Assassin is a type of killer or a murderer who murders a person in a sudden attack.
    c.Pasta(Italian)-dough,pastry

    2)Blends/Compounds-It means mixing 2 or more other words into one sentence.In an example:
    a)Telegenic-(television+photogenic)
    b)Camcoder-(Camera+recorder)
    c)Emoticon-(Emote+icon)
    d)Chexting-(Cheating+texting)

    3)Create:-Chocolate,Bicycle,House,Car,Fire
    4)Affixes:Means a word element
    a.Prefixes-REproduction,MISunderstanding,UNcountable
    b.Suffixes-GoodNESS,sleveLESS,foolISH

    5)Acronyms-A word formed from the first letter of other words
    a.LOL-Laugh out loud
    b.KLCC-Kuala Lumpur World Trade Centre
    c.CNY-Chinese New Year
    d.KBS-Korea Broadcasting System

    From:Mayyen =)

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  13. HI comes my research,


    How does a language Increase its vocabulary ?

    1) Borrow
    • Borrowing is the taking over of words from other languages
    • English has adopted a vast number of words from other languages ,examples :

    I. Amok (Malay)
    II. Croissant ( French)
    III. Dope (Dutch)
    IV. Lilac (Persian)
    V. Piano (Italian)
    VI. Pretzel (German)
    VII. Sofa (Arabic)
    VIII. Tattoo (Tahitian)
    IX. Tycoon (Japanese)
    X. Yogurt (Turkish)
    XI. Zebra (Bantu”)







    2) Blend

    • Blending is the combination of two separated form to produce a single new word.

    • Blending is a process of taking only the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other words.

    • Examples of blending =

    -knapsack (knap + sack)

    -lipstick (lip + stick)

    -mouthwash (mouth + wash)

    -sunlight (sun + light)

    -raindrop (rain + drop)

    -sandpaper (sand + paper)

    -groundhog (ground + hog)

    -afternoon (after + noon)

    -motorcar (motor + car)

    -eyebrow (eye + brow)

    -spork ( spoon + fork)

    ~ flare(flame+glare)

    ~ flirtationship(flirting+relationship)

    ~ glimmer(gleam+shimmer)

    ~ Globish(global+English)

    ~ guitarthritis(guitar+arthritis)

    ~ moped(motor+pedal)

    ~ motorcade(motor+cavalcade)

    3) Affixes

    • An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word.
    • Affixation is, the linguistic process speakers use to form different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the end (suffixation) of words.

     Example of prefix :

    a. –able= work-able , reli-able
    b. –er=teach-er, work-er
    c. –ing=shoot-ing, danc-ing
    d. Al= refusal , proposal
    e. –ly=quiet-ly , slow-ly , careful-ly
    f. Less= penni-less , brain-less
    g. Ise=hospital-ise , crystal-ise
    h. –meat= treat-ment , amaze-ment

     Example of suffix :

    a. Anti = Antiabortion , anti-population
    b. De= de-activated , de-mystify
    c. Dis= dis-continue , dis-obey
    d. Ex= ex-president , ex-wife , ex-friend
    e. In= in-competent , in-complete
    f. Mis= mis-count , mis-placed
    g. Un=un-happy , un-fair , un-intelligent
    h. Re= re-think , re-do , re-state.














    4) Acronyms

    • A word that is formed by combining some parts (usually the first letters) of some other terms For example, modem is the acronym derived from modulator/demodulator.
    • In everyday speech, the term is also used to refer a longer phrase.


     Examples of acronyms
    ASAP As Soon As Possible
    BTW By The Way
    FWIW For What It's Worth
    FYI For Your Information
    IMHO In My Humble Opinion
    IMO In My Opinion
    LOL Laughing Out Loud
    ROTFL Rolling On The Floor Laughing
    TIA Thanks In Advance

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  14. Sugu,what's the difference between a 'blend'and a 'compound'?

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  15. hi.....

    NORRAINI BT IBRAHIM (aini)

    Eponyms

    An eponym is a word derived from the name of a real, fictional, mythical or spurious character or person.

    An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named. One who is referred to as eponymous is someone who gives his or her name to something, e.g., Julian, the eponymous owner of the famous restaurant Julian's Castle. It is a common error to think that something eponymous is named after a particular person, e.g., Julian's eponymous restaurant.

    Here is a list of eponyms:
    A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I–J - K - L–Z

    Blends(answer)

    Jeans+leggings= jeggings

    Breakfast+lunch= brunch

    Booty + delicious = boolicious

    Crocodile+alligator= crogator




    haha... i just try mdm..^_^

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  16. hi mdm gd afternoon,

    Based on my understanding "compound" is joining of two separated words to produce a single.example:
    (NOUN)
    1)sun+burn= sunburn
    2)wall+paper+wallpaper
    3)waste+basket=wastebasket

    example for (ADJECTIVE):
    1)Good-looking
    2)low-paid

    example of (COMPOUNDS OF ADJECTIVE) :

    FAST (adjective)+ FOOD (noun)= FAST-FOOD

    Next, Blends is combination of two separated words to produce a new word. Blending is typically accomplished by taking ONLY the beginning of the word n joining it to the one of the other word.one of the good Example tht ms.saradha gave in the class

    1) when we are for lunch and late for breakfast, we combine both for BRUNCH..
    2)MOTEL (motor+ hotel)
    3)SMURK(smoke+ murk)...

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  17. mam, actualy wat i meant was plz check it out wheter wat i found for those created words was correct or not...hmmm

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  18. words borrowed from French:
    -abolish
    -accident
    -gambrel
    -fountain
    -esteem

    words borrowed from Indian:
    -cash
    -curry
    -coolie
    -ginger
    -coir

    words borrowed from Malay:
    -durian
    -dugong
    -satay
    -rambutan
    -launch(lancar)

    words borrowed from Italian:
    -balcony
    -carpet
    -gallery
    -saloon
    -model

    words borrowed from Spanish:
    -chocolate
    -banana
    -fiesta
    -mole
    -potato

    words borrowed from Japanese
    -karaoke
    -sushi
    -tsunami

    words borrowed from African:
    -dengue
    -coffee
    -safari

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  19. 1.)chuckle + snort= chortle
    2.)breakfast + lunch= brunch
    3.)jeans + legging= jegging
    4.)lithe + slimy= slithy
    5.)flimsy + miserable= mimsy
    6.)booty + delicious= bootylicious
    7.)crocodile + alligator= ???????????????
    8.)fashion + fiesta= fashionista

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  20. An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually,it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase..For an example:

    *Prof. - professor
    *exam - examination
    *lab - laboratory
    *gas - gasoline
    *memo - memorandum
    *gym - gymnastics
    *doc - doctor
    *fax - facsimile


    Eponyms mean a person after whom discovery, invention, place to be named..a name or noun formed after a person. example:

    sausaphone > John Philip Sousa
    volt > Italian pysicist Count Alessandro Volta
    dahlia > Swedish botanist Anders Dahl

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  21. Sugu,check your answers.Separate the blends from the compounds...

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  22. Language increases it vocabulary by borrowing means words that are "adopted" from another language for example the word Dobi meaning laundry
    that comes from Indian language is used in English.
    Examples : pajamas, curry, tsunami

    Affixes are words that are attached to a root word. prefixes are at the beginning and suffix at the end

    Blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. Meaning 2 words or more words put together to form one word.
    for example, smash (smack + mash), sportscast (sports + broadcast)

    Create means to create new words for example facebook, internet, webpage, homepage, mouse. All these words are being created that have new meaning. For example WEB + PAGE to different words combine to create a different meaning.

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  23. cont'ed...
    Affixes are words that are attached at the beginning and the end of a root word.
    prefixes are at the beginning and suffix is at the end.
    example of words:
    prefixes- (A)+sleep = asleep
    suffix - Sleep+(ing) = sleeping

    affixes A + wake + ing = Awakening

    acronyms are initial components
    example Kuala Lumpur = KL
    EPF = Employees Provident Fund

    thanks maam,
    Lekha :)

    ReplyDelete
  24. Hahaha,Norrani,good try...please check with the amswers that are posted...

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  25. Hmmm,Lekha,what about words such as kodak',kleenex,etc...are they created???

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  26. * borrowed words*

    from Chinese
    - catsup= ketchup
    from persian
    - shawl
    - bazaar
    from french
    - cafe
    -essence
    -brunette

    from latin
    - butera= butter
    -piper= pepper
    - pund= pound

    from sanskrit
    -avatar

    *coumpound words*
    Two or more words linked to create a new one: boyfriend
    long-winded
    motorbike
    meeting room
    The two words can be merged, separated by a space, or hyphenated.

    blend words:
    fortnight= fourteen+ night
    twiddle= twist+ fiddle
    faction= fact+ fiction

    prefixes:
    agriculture
    ergonomics
    megabyte

    suffix:
    helpful
    democracy
    pedagogy

    acronyms:
    MP= Member of Parliament
    CB= Coffee Break..

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  27. Kodak is a name created by Eastman for his product and company.he wanted a name that should be short, one cannot mispronounce it, and it could not resemble anything or be associated with. So he choose Kodak. Its created.

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  28. Kleenex is a brand name and it is a registered trademark. Kleenex is also created.

    Create means creating a word that is not existing.

    Confused Lekha.

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  29. my research on these topic...

    1)Borrow(words that are taken from other languages)

    a.cross-Latin
    b.coach-Hungarian
    c.taekwondo-Korean
    d.vodka-Russian
    e.banana-Spanish
    f.cockroach-Spanish
    f.curry-Tamil

    2)Blends(words which are comprised of parts from two other words)

    a.because-by+cause
    b.electrocute-electronic+execute
    c.fortnight-fourteen+nights
    d.intercom-internal+communication
    e.workaholic-work+alcoholic
    f.twiddle-twist+fiddle
    g.pixel-picture+element
    h.muppet-marionette+puppet
    i.telethon-telephone+marathone
    j.slang-slovenly+language

    3)Create
    a.facebook
    b.bluetooth

    4)Affixes(an affix is a morpheme added to a word to change its function or meaning)
    prefix-occurs in the front of a root or stem.
    suffix-occurs at the end of a root or stem.

    Prefix
    a.ambi=ambidextrous,ambivalent
    b.ana=analog,anatomy,anagram
    c.con=connect
    d.dis=disengage,discord,discomfort
    e.ex=exhume,exhale,exodus
    e.poly=polygon,polygomy,polytechnic

    Suffix
    a.-ism=pacifism,terrorism,sociolism,communism
    b.-logy=biology,geology,ethymology,cardiology
    c.-phobia=photophobia,claustrophobia,agrophobia
    d.-ite=meteorite,polite,cosmopolite

    5)Acronyms
    a.AADT-Average Annual Weekday Traffic
    b.BRB-be right back
    c.EMS-Environmental Management System
    d.ASAP-as soon as possible
    e.ICJ-International Court of Justice
    f.APEC-Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

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  30. How does a language increase its vocabulary?
    Borrow
    Borrowed words means that certain words will be taken from another part of language. For instance, in English language they borrow words from Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Spanish and so on.
    Examples of words that borrowed from other languages are as follows:
    French: ambulance, diplomat, parachute, sauce
    Malay: amok, bamboo, gong, orang-utan
    Sanskrit: Orange, avatar, karma, yoga
    Hindi: jungle, shampoo, bangle, bungalow
    Arabic: sultan, bazaar, giraffe
    Persian: check, checkmate, chess
    Japanese: sushi, tsunami, samurai, karaoke
    Spanish: tornado, guitar

    Blends
    Blends deal with the action of abridging and then combining various lexemes to form a new word. Based on Algeo, a linguist he has divided blends into three group which known as:
    1. Phonemic Overlap: a syllable or part of a syllable is shared between two words
    2. Clipping: the shortening of two words and then compounding them
    3. Phonemic Overlap and Clipping: shortening of two words to a shared syllable and then compounding.
    Here are few samples of blends….
    Motor + hotel= motel
    Wiki + dictionary= wiktionary
    Smoke + fog= smog
    Spoon + fork= spork
    Simultaneous + broadcast= simulcast
    Abort + mortuary= abortuary
    Agriculture + business= agribusiness
    Advert + entertainment= advertainment
    Medical + care= medicare
    Awesome + fantastic= awesometastic
    Anagram + mnemonic= anamonic

    Compound
    A compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding or composition is the word-formation that creates compound lexemes (the other word-formation process being derivation.
    In simple word, we can say that compound words known as two words that will be combined together to create a new meaning of the word.
    Examples of compound:
    Airman
    Airport
    Airship
    Backdrop
    Background
    Chairman
    Championship
    Checkmate
    Hardware
    Highway
    Acronyms
    Acronyms are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name.
    Examples of acronyms:
    AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
    USA: United States of America
    ASAP: As soon as possible
    TEFL: Teaching English as a Foreign Language
    TESOL: Teaching English as a Second Language
    CALL: Computer Assisted Language Learning
    ESL: English as a Second Language

    Affixes
    An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem.
    A suffix (also sometimes called a postfix or ending) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.

    Few examples of suffix:
    er- teacher

    able- unbelievable

    ous- dangerous

    ness- happiness

    ful- wonderful



    Examples of prefix:
    anti= anti-fungal, antidepressant
    auto= autograph, automobile
    un= unconvincing, unnatural, unprepared

    Create

    Create means is inventing or creating a new words which have its own meaning. For example, those days ‘mouse’ is only known as a kind of animal. But nowadays it is also known as a component in computers. So, this means that words also will be created as the world is changing.

    Examples of new words:

    Facebook

    Website

    Webpage

    Mozila

    Pentium

    De-friend= the act of removing someone from your friend’s list

    Chillax= to tell somebody to chill and relax at the same time

    Micro-blogging= a web service that allows users to broadcast short messages to other subscribers of the service.

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  31. BORROW
    In my point of view......
    Borrowing is words that taken from other languages...
    Its also known as loanwords. There is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to the source language. They simply come to be used by a speech community that speaks a different language from the one they originated in.The examples are:-
    I. guitar –Spanish
    II. umbrella – Italian
    III. noodle – German
    IV. avatar – Sanskrit
    V. maharaja – Hindi
    VI. curry – Dravidian
    VII. Sultan – Arabic
    VIII. Ketchup – Chinese
    IX. Karaoke – Japanese

    BLEND
    Blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes.For examples:-
     Globish (global + English)
     guitarthritis (guitar + arthritis)
     infotainment (information + entertainment)
     moped (motor + pedal)
     motorcade (motor + cavalcade)
     palimony (pal + alimony)
     pornacopia (pornography + cornucopia)
     pulsar (pulse + quasar)
     sexcapade (sex + escapade)
     slanguage (slang + language)
     smash (smack + mash)
     sportscast (sports + broadcast)
    COMPOUND
    A compound word is made when two words are joined to form a new word.
     EYE - color, brow, lid
     BED – rock, time, pillow
     HAND- bag, shake, glove
     SAND- paper, storm, box
    AFFIX
    An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word.
     PREFIX - depend, deduct, antibiotic, anticlimax
     SUFFIX – comfortable, appraisal, military, wizard
     PREFIX & SUFFIX - uncomfortable, unavoidable, unimaginative, inactive, semi-circular

    ACRONYMS
    a pronounceable name made up of a series of initial letters or parts of words...
     TRB – Technical Review Board
     ITU – International Telecommunication Union
     JWG – Join Working Group
     LAN – Local Area Network
     NSO – National Standard Organisation

    CREATE
     Byte
     Jam
     Google
     Yuppie
     Kick
     log

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  32. Sorry guys for my mistake in compound...
    What is compound word?It means particularly adjectives and nouns, are combined to form compound structures in a variety of ways.There are 3 forms of compound words such as
    a)Closed form: football,sunflower,childlike,sugarcane,watermelon,softball,and etc.

    b)Hyphenated form:mother-in-law,ice-cream,8-years-old,master-at-arms

    c)Closed form:full moon,bus stop,home alone,iron man,song writer,middle class

    Frm:Mayyen

    ReplyDelete
  33. My research on this topic:
    1.Borrow word
    •Words that are taken from the other languages or is a consequence of cultural contact between two language communities.
    •Borrowing of words can go in both directions between the two languages in contact, but often there is an asymmetry, such that more words go from one side to the other. In this case the source language community has some advantage of power, prestige and/or wealth that makes the objects and ideas it brings desirable and useful to the borrowing language community
    •For examples, Chinese language, Indian language, French language, Spanish language, Dutch and so on.

    French-Ballet, Bastion, Shock, Garage
    Dutch, Flemish - Boom, Buoy, Leak, Landscape
    German- Dunk, Noodle, Poodle, Schnitzel
    Russian - Icon, Vodka, Apparatchik
    Sanskrit - Avatar, Karma
    Hindi - Bungalow, Cot, Jungle
    Persian( Parsi)- Check, Checkmate, Chess
    Arabic - Salaam, Sultan, Bazaar, Caravan
    African language - Banjo, Boogie- Woogie, Jazz
    American Indian language - Avocado, Cacao,
    Chinese - Ketchup, Tea, Ginseng
    Japanese - Judo, Kamikaze, Soy, Tsunami
    Pacific Islands - Bamboo, Rattan, taboo
    Australia - Boomerang, Budgerigar
    Greek -Anonymous, Atmosphere, Ostracize

    2.Blends
    •A word formed by merging the sound and meaning of two or more other words.
    •Bending is an area of word formation where cleverness can be rewarded by instant popularity.
    •Examples and Observation.
    Agitprop = Agitation + Propaganda
    Bash = Bate + Mash
    Breathalyzer = Breath + Analyzer
    Camcorder = Camera + Recorder

    3.Create
    •Creating a word that does not exist.
    •Examples: facebook, Website, printer

    4.Affixes
    •A letter or group of letters added to the beginning or end of the word to change its meaning.
    •Affixation is the linguistics process speakers use to from different words by adding morphemes (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (in fixation) or the end (suffixation) of words.
    •Words with Prefix:Disagree,Impatient,Inactive.
    •Words with Suffixes: Agreeable, Bomber, Blacken

    5.Acronyms
    •A short word that is made from the first letter of a group of word or abbreviations formed from the initial components in a phrase or name.
    •For example:

    TEFL Teaching English as a Foreign Language
    Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
    BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
    DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

    ReplyDelete
  34. Well done Mayyen!And who is this?

    ReplyDelete
  35. What is:
    1.eye candy?
    2.ear candy?
    3.hand candy?

    ReplyDelete
  36. Mdm Sarada, sorry for the late comment..

    1. Borrow

    The English language has an enormous amount of words that have been borrowed (or loaned) from other languages.

    For example,

    SPANISH
    - 'embargo' means arrest
    - 'lunch'
    - 'florida'

    FRENCH
    - 'ambulance'
    - 'arson'
    - 'coupon'

    JAPANESE
    - 'karaoke'
    - 'tsunami'
    - 'soy'

    ITALIAN
    - 'cartoon'
    - 'canteen'
    - 'corridor'

    MALAY
    - 'satay'
    - 'compound'
    - 'paddy'

    AMERICAN INDIAN
    - 'tobacco'
    - 'tomato'
    - 'chili'

    AFRIKAANS
    - 'slim' means small / inferior
    - 'trek' means journey by wagon

    AMERICAN ENGLISH
    - 'teenager'
    - 'radio'
    - 'rattlesnake'


    >> http://www.krysstal.com/borrow.html

    ------------------------------------------------

    2.
    (i) Blends

    - Blends deal with the action of abridging
    and then combining various lexemes to form
    a new word.
    - Algeo, a linguist, proposed dividing blends
    into three groups:

    (a)Phonemic Overlap
    ~ a syllable or part of a syllable is
    shared between two words

    (b)Clipping
    ~ the shortening of two words and then
    compounding them

    (c)Phonemic Overlap and Clipping
    ~ shortening of two words to a shared
    syllable and then compounding

    -For example,

    lithe + slimy = slithy
    jeans + leggings = jeggings
    booty + delicious = bootylicious
    crocodile + alligator = --------
    flimsy + miserable = mimsy
    breakfast + lunch = brunch
    fashion + fiesta = --------
    chuckle + snort = chortle
    simultaneous + broadcast = simulcast
    smoke + fog = smog
    cybernetic + organism = cyborg
    motor + hotel = motel
    lithe + slimy = slithy

    (ii) Compounds

    - A compound word is made when two words
    are joined to form a new word.

    - For example,

    ~ lady + bug = ladybug
    ~ eye + brow = eyebrow
    ~ thumb + print = thumbprint

    ReplyDelete
  37. cont. . .

    (iv)Affixes

    - An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined
    before, after or within a root or stem.
    - It cannot stand alone.

    (a)Prefix

    - Occurs in the front of a root or stem
    - will increase our vocabulary by changing
    the definition of a word to form a new word
    - eg:
    de + press = depress (press down)
    ex + change = exchange (change out)
    il + legal = illegal (not legal)

    (b)Suffix

    - Occurs at the end of a root or stem
    - suffixes or word endings will frequently
    give a clue as to what part of speech a
    word may belong (e.g., noun, verb,
    adjective, adverb)
    - eg: breakable, acceptable, thoughtless,
    faithful, actuality

    Derivational suffixes

    - Derivational suffixes can combine with one
    another, which gives great flexibility in
    creating new words but also leads to further
    spelling complications. For example, -ity can
    be added to -able, but the result is -ability
    (e.g. suitability)

    Inflectional suffixes

    - Inflectional suffixes used to stress their
    importance in grammar as well as in spelling.
    For example, 's' marks a noun as plural, but
    a present tense verb as (third person)
    singular: e.g. The books look interesting but
    The book looks interesting; s changes to es
    after a hissing sound (e.g. hiss - hisses)

    (v)Acronyms

    - acronyms are abbreviations that are formed
    using the initial components in a phrase or
    name.
    - For example,

    CEO - Chief Executive Officer
    (corporate title)

    COBOL - Common Business Oriented Language

    VISA - Visa International Service
    Association

    ReplyDelete
  38. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  39. Oh dear,Fenin,that's not 'hand candy'...hand candy refers to something attractive on a persons hand.eg.a beautiful handbag...
    Fenin,you've got to be careful when you copy things from the NET...not everything is correct...so check double check with other sources...

    ReplyDelete
  40. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  41. sorry mdm sarada..i will be careful next time..
    thanks^^

    ReplyDelete
  42. Hi haloooo. here comes the meaning of eye candy=
    ~Someone or something that is visually attractive ..:)

    ReplyDelete
  43. 1.The meaning of "eye candy" is someone who we look at is very attractive(handsome,pretty) that makes us like the person either it is a guy or girl.For example:
    The guy sitting on the bench there is Alex.He is very handsome and most girls in his class like him alot.
    2.ear candy?It means music or songs which are very pleasing(nice to listen to).For an instance:Mayyen likes this korean song entitled,"Bogoshipda" bcoz it is a ear candy.
    3.hand candy?This means an attractive item on the person's hand.For example:Miss Alisa's handphone is a "hand candy" bcoz it has beautiful decoration around the phone cover.
    4.Cotton candy?There is another meaning for cotton candy.It refers to a very sweet person.

    ReplyDelete
  44. hey guys i have a korean mv titled,"my ear's candy"do u all wanna watch?its awesome i have watch it few times....here is the link-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrOHCn3h5UE
    ENJOY!!

    ReplyDelete
  45. Abbreviation

    - An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word
    or phrase.
    - Usually, but not always, it consists of a
    letter or group of letters taken from the
    word or phrase. For example, the word
    abbreviation can itself be represented by the
    abbreviation abbr., abbrv. or abbrev.
    - For example,

    ~ a., adj. = adjective
    ~ pp. = pages
    ~ Prof. = Professor

    ------------------------------------------------

    Eponyms

    - An eponym is a word derived from the name of
    a real, fictional, mythical or spurious
    character or person.

    - Most eponyms originate from a person's
    surname:

    ~ for example,

    'boycott' - from the Irish landlord Captain
    Charles Cunningham Boycott

    'dahlia' - from the Swedish botanist
    Anders Dahl

    'volt' - from the Italian physicist
    Count Alessandro Volta. Many
    eponymous words come from
    literary, biblical or
    mythological sources

    ------------------------------------------------

    The meanings of:-

    1.Eye candy

    - A person or thing that is attractive but
    not intelligent or useful.

    2.Ear candy

    - Music with an instant appeal but with
    little lasting significance.

    ReplyDelete
  46. Blending

    Blending is the word formation process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new word whose meaning is often a combination of the original words. For example:

    * advertisement + entertainment → advertainment
    * biographical + picture → biopic
    * breakfast + lunch → brunch
    * chuckle + snort → chortle
    * cybernetic + organism → cyborg
    * guess + estimate → guesstimate
    * hazardous + material → hazmat
    * motor + hotel → motel
    * prim + sissy → prissy
    * simultaneous + broadcast → simulcast
    * smoke + fog → smog
    * Spanish + English → Spanglish
    * spoon + fork → spork
    * telephone + marathon → telethon
    * web + seminar → webinar

    ReplyDelete
  47. sOME OTHER EXAMPLES I GET FROM MY RESERACH FOR BLEND WORDS...

    # agitprop (agitation + propaganda)
    # alcopop (alcohol + pop)
    # bash (bat + mash)
    # Breathalyzer (breath + analyzer)
    # camcorder (camera + recorder)
    # chexting (cheating + texting)
    # clash (clap + crash)
    # cosmeceutical (cosmetic + pharmaceutical)
    # docudrama (documentary + drama)
    # electrocute (electricity + execute)
    # emoticon (emote + icon)
    # faction (fact + fiction)
    # fanzine (fan + magazine)
    # flare (flame + glare)
    # flirtationship (flirting + relationship)
    # glimmer (gleam + shimmer)
    # Globish (global + English)
    # guitarthritis (guitar + arthritis)
    # infotainment (information + entertainment)
    # moped (motor + pedal)
    # motorcade (motor + cavalcade)
    # palimony (pal + alimony)
    # pornacopia (pornography + cornucopia)
    # pulsar (pulse + quasar)
    # sexcapade (sex + escapade)
    # slanguage (slang + language)
    # smash (smack + mash)
    # sportscast (sports + broadcast)
    # stagflation (stagnation + inflation)
    # staycation (stay home + vacation)
    # telegenic (television + photogenic)
    # textpectation (text message + expectation)
    # workaholic (work + alcoholic
    bash -bang + smash
    bleep -blankout + beep
    because -by + cause
    blotch -blot + botch
    bit -binary + digit
    blurt -blow + spurt
    cellophane- cellulose + diaphane
    brash -bold + rash
    dumbfound- dumb + confound
    chortle -chuckle + snort
    electrocute- electronic + execute
    chump - chunk + lump
    flare -flame + glare
    clash -clap +crash
    fortnight- fourteen + nights
    ditsy - dizzy + dotty
    goodbye- God + be (with) + ye
    doddle -dodder + toddle
    hassle -haggle + tussle
    emoticon -emotion + icon
    humongous -huge + monstrous
    flop - flap + drop
    intercom -internal + communication
    flurry -flutter + hurry
    modem -modulator + demodulator
    galumph -gallop + triumph
    motel - motor + hotel
    glitz -glamour + ritz
    Muppet -marionette + puppet
    goon -gorilla + baboon
    napalm -naphthene + palmitate
    pang -pain + sting
    o'clock of -(the) + clock
    prissy -prim + sissy
    pixel -picture + element
    scuzzy -scummy + lousy
    paratroops -parachute + troops
    slosh - slop + slush
    skyjack - sky + hijack
    snazzy - snappy + jazzy
    slang -slovenly + language
    splurge -splash + surge
    smog - smoke + fog
    squiggle -squirm + wriggle
    swipe - wipe + sweep
    tangelo -tangerine + pomelo
    telethon -telephone + marathon
    twiddle -twist + fiddle
    workaholic -work + alcoholic
    waddle - wade + toddle

    ReplyDelete
  48. BORROW WORDS...
    1-DANISH=DRIG,FOG,KIDNAP,SMILE,TANG

    2-EGYPTIAN=BARK,GUM,IVORY,MUMMY,PAPER

    3-FRANKISH=COAT,HOSE,MARSHALL,SKATE

    4-GERMAN=CLOCK,DOLLAR,HAMBURGER,HEROIN,
    KINDERGARTEN,LUCK,MENTHOL,MUFFIN,NOODLE,RUB

    5-GUJARATI=TANK

    6-HINDI=MABGLE,BASMATI,CHEETAH,CHUTNEY,HIMALAYA,
    JUNGLE,PUNCH,SAMOSA,SAREE,SHAMPOO

    7-JAPANESE=KARAOKE,KARATE,NINJA,RICKSHAW,
    SAMURAI,SUSHI,TSUNAMI

    8-KOREAN=TAEKWONDO

    9-LATIN=AGENDA,ALBUM,ANIMAL,AQUARIUM,AQUARIUS,
    AUGUST,CALENDER,CANCER,CURRICULUM,DATA,DECEMBER,DOCTOR,EDUCATOR,STUDY,TABLE,VEHICLE,VERSUS,
    VICTIM,VILLA,STUPID

    10-BENGALI=BANGLADESH,BUNGALOW

    11-MALAYALAM=COPRA,TEAK...

    THOSE ARE DIFFERENT BORROW WORDS I GET FROM OTHER...SORY IF I HAD REPEATED SOME

    ReplyDelete
  49. compound

    Compounding is the word formation process in which two or more lexemes combine into a single new word. Compound words may be written as one word or as two words joined with a hyphen. For example:

    * noun-noun compound: note + book → notebook
    * adjective-noun compound: blue + berry → blueberry
    * verb-noun compound: work + room → workroom
    * noun-verb compound: breast + feed → breastfeed
    * verb-verb compound: stir + fry → stir-fry
    * adjective-verb compound: high + light → highlight
    * verb-preposition compound: break + up → breakup
    * preposition-verb compound: out + run → outrun
    * adjective-adjective compound: bitter + sweet → bittersweet
    * preposition-preposition compound: in + to → into

    ReplyDelete
  50. some INTERESTING info i get about borrowed and adopted words...n i would like to share it...

    1)chocolate
    When the Spanish arrived in Mexico they came across the Aztecs. The Aztec language is called Nahuatl. The Aztecs had a drink which they made from a bean they called CHOCO (bitter). They would put this bean into water (ATL) to produce CHOCO-ATL (bitter water).
    The TL sound is common in the Aztec language but not in Spanish. The Spaniards mispronounced the drink CHOCOLATO.

    This drink was brought to Europe (with sugar added) where the pronunciation and spelling in English became CHOCOLATE.

    2)ORANGE

    The name of the fruit was NARANJ in Sanskrit. This language was spoken in ancient India. Indians traded with Arabs, so the word passed into Arabic as NARANJAH. The Spaniards were ruled by north African Arabs who passed the fruit and word into Spanish as NARANJA (pronounced as NARANHA).
    This came into English where the fruit was a NARANJ. Words ending in J are not common in English so the spelling quickly changed to a NARANGE.

    The initial N moved to the a because of mis-hearing to give an ARANGE (this is called metanalysis).

    Over time, the initial A became an O to give an ORANGE.

    ReplyDelete
  51. names for -movies-is it a created word??????????
    hurm.....

    ReplyDelete
  52. Dear Mdm,sorry for the late comment...

    How Does A Language Increase Its Vocabulary?

    Borrow Words:
    -borrow words can be defined as "loanwords" which are derived from other languages..

    a)assignment,desert(French)
    b)carpet,cartoon(Italian)
    c)bungalow,pajamas(Hindustani)
    d)coach,biro(Hungarian)
    e)feng shui,ginseng(Chinese)
    f)kindergarten,noodle(German)
    g)coffee,banana(African)

    Blend Words:

    Blend words are words which are comprised of parts from two other words. Portmanteau is French for suitcase. Portmanteau words have two parts folded into one; much like the two parts of a suitcase fold into one unit..

    a)Japlish(Japanese+English)
    b)Bollywood(Bombay+Hollywood)
    c)Microsoft(Microcomputer+Software)
    d)Globish(Global+English)
    e)Because(By+Cause)
    f)Medicare(Medical+Care)

    Create:

    Create means is inventing or creating a new words which have its own meaning..

    a)Webpage
    b)Mouse
    c)Facebook
    d)Website

    Affixes-an affix is a morpheme added to a word to change its function or meaning..

    Prefix-occurs in the front of a root or stem..

    Suffix-occurs at the end of a root or stem..

    Prefix:

    a)ana-analogy,anatomy,anagram
    b)auto-automobile,autocracy,autobiography
    c)apo-apology,apologize
    d)ambi-ambivalent,ambidextrous
    e)anti-antisocial,antipathy
    f)ab-abstain,abnormal,abduction

    Suffix:

    a)ist-terrorist,socialist,communist
    b)ism-terrorism,socialisme,communisme
    c)logy-sociology,cardiology,biology
    d)ics-physics,optics
    e)cide-suicide,herbicide,patricide

    Acronyms:

    APM-Advanced Power Management
    ACM-Association For Computing Machinery
    ADP-Automatic Data Processing
    ACL-Access Control List
    ESL-English As A Second Language
    USA-United States Of America
    UTAR-University Tunku Abdul Rahman

    ReplyDelete
  53. BORROW WORDS

    A borrow word can also be called a loanwords(words adopted by the speakers of one language from a different language.Loanwords are words adopted by the speakers of one language from a different language (the source language). The abstract noun borrowing refers to the process of speakers adopting words from a source language into their native language. "Loan" and "borrowing" are of course metaphors, because there is no literal lending process. There is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to the source language.
    Some examples:
    Orange - Sanskrit
    Algebra - Arabia

    BLENDS WORDS
    A word formed by merging the sounds and meanings of two or more other words.
    Examples:

    # agitprop (agitation + propaganda)
    # alcopop (alcohol + pop)
    # bash (bat + mash)
    # Breathalyzer (breath + analyzer)
    # camcorder (camera + recorder)
    # chexting (cheating + texting)
    # clash (clap + crash)
    # cosmeceutical (cosmetic + pharmaceutical)
    # docudrama (documentary + drama)
    # electrocute (electricity + execute)
    # emoticon (emote + icon)
    # faction (fact + fiction)
    # fanzine (fan + magazine)

    CREATE WORDS
    - Can be defined as new words.
    Words, however they are created, can become part of the language very easily. They only need to be used by enough speakers. This may be an unfamiliar concept for some learners, as other languages have systems which are more controlled.
    Native speakers enjoy playing with the language and actively invent new vocabulary.
    English is a common language in many specialised areas such as science, technology and the Internet, and as these areas grow so does the vocabulary needed to express new ideas and objects.
    English has many points of contact with other languages. Here words can cross over.
    There are many ways in which new words come into existence.

    Examples:
    Homo-phobia
    Extremist

    AFFIXES
    -Can be defined as involve additional elements called affixes.
    a)Prefixes are added/affixed to the beginning of words, adding meaning to the beginning of words. Examples are;

    *pre- meaning before, as in prefix, prescient, predict, preposition, preface, prelude
    *im- a prefix negating the positive meaning of a word and thus giving it opposite meaning, as in impossible, immature, immaculate, improper, implacable, immeasurable
    *in- another positive meaning negator, as in incoherent, incomprehensible, incomplete, incontrovertible, inexpensive, insuperable, inexpugnable
    *ex- meaning out or outside of, as in exit, expiscate, extraordinary, expurgate
    *con- meaning with or together, as in concomitant, converse, conspire
    contra- means against, as in contradict
    *circum- means around, as in circumnavigate, circumfererence, circumspect
    *anti- meaning against, as in antidisestablishmentarianism,antipathy,antivenom
    *ante- meaning before, as in antediluvian

    b)Suffixes are added/affixed to the ends of words, adding meaning to the ends of words. Examples are;

    -phobia meaning fear of, as in arachnophobia, claustrophobia,
    hippopotomonstrosesquipedialophobia
    -mania meaning extreme or excessive liking of, as in pyromania, dipsomania, egomania, megalomania
    -ful meaning with, full of or containing, as in careful, lawful, woeful, wrathful
    -ness means the condition of, as in strangeness, wilderness, lawlessness, happiness
    -less meaning without, as in expressionless, lawless, fruitless, timeless

    ACRONYMS
    -can be defined as words which are formed from the initial letters of other words.
    Examples:
    *DOS - Defunct operating system
    *Waaf - Women's Auxiliary Air Force
    *Radar - Radio detection and ranging
    *WTF - WELCOME TO FACEBOOK

    ReplyDelete
  54. i)borrow - taking over of words from other language.eg:
    *yogurt (turkish)
    *zebra (bantu)
    *piano (italian)

    ii)blends/compounds - joining of two separate to produce a single form of word. eg:
    * book + case = bookcase
    * china + town = chinatown
    * finger + print = fingerprint

    iii)create - a new word created by the children

    iv)affixes - affixes content two important compenent which is prefixs and suffix.
    - prefixs are morpheme added to the begining of the word.
    eg: unhappy,irresponsible

    - suffix are the morpheme added to the end of the word.
    eg: happiness,sadness

    v)acronyms - creating a new word from the intial of the origin word.
    eg: UNITAR - Universiti Tunku Abdul Razak

    ReplyDelete
  55. Hye & Assalamualaikum wbt everyone....^^


    Borrow the words. for example

    Arabic- gazelle, giraffe, harem, hashish, lute, minaret, mosque, myrrh, salaam, sirocco, sultan, vizier, bazaar.

    Sanskrit- avatar, karma, swastika, yoga .

    Hindi- bandanna, bangle, bungalow, chintz, cot, cummerbund,jungle, loot, nabob, pajamas, punch (the drink), shampoo.
    ------------------------------------------------

    Blends the words;
    bash- bang + smash
    because- by + cause
    bit- binary + digit
    intercom- internal + communication
    modem- modulator + demodulator
    motel- motor + hotel
    chortle- chuckle + snort
    chump- chunk + lump
    clash- clap + crash
    ditsy- dizzy + dotty
    glitz- glamour + Ritz
    goon- gorilla + baboon
    ------------------------------------------------

    Affixes- prefix- Return
    suffix- bigger
    prefix + suffix - unbelievable, misunderstand
    ------------------------------------------------

    Acronyms- a word formed from the initial letters, such as
    P&C- Private and confidential.
    -----------------------------------------------

    Create- for example;
    bagging- making a loud noise.

    tq....^^

    ReplyDelete
  56. hye everyone....;)
    sya3338 is LAW AI SYA...
    hihihi.......

    ReplyDelete
  57. hi madam!!!!!!!

    she88tj is me SHELA TRINATH...

    ReplyDelete
  58. NUR IZNI BT MD ADNAN
    KB0970942
    UNIRAZAK KOTA BHARU REGIONAL CENTRE


    1) borrow

    sanskrit - avatar, karma, mahatma, swastika, yoga
    chinese - chop suey, chow mein, dim sum, ketchup, tea, ginseng, kowtow, litchee
    japananse - geisha, hara kiri, judo, jujitsu, kamikaze, karaoke, kimono, samurai, soy, sumo, sushi, tsunami
    spanish - armada, adobe, alligator, alpaca, armadillo, barricade, bravado, cannibal, canyon, coyote, desperado, embargo, enchilada, guitar, marijuana, mesa, mosquito, mustang, ranch, taco, tornado, tortilla, vigilante



    2) blends/compound

    clap + crash = clash
    motor + hotel = motel
    sky + hijack = skyjack
    picture + element = pixel
    wipe + sweep = swipe
    twist + fiddle = twiddle
    breakfast + lunch = brunch



    3) affixes

    un + reli + able = unreliable
    friend + ship = friendship
    music + ian = musician
    im + prove + ment = improvement
    de + forest + ation = deforestation



    4) acronyms

    UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
    NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration

    ReplyDelete